Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Today, 5G has widely entered people's work and life. According to the data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by the end of June this year, 2.937 million 5G base stations have been built and opened in China, and 676 million 5G mobile phone users have been established. Meanwhile, 5G applications have been integrated into 60 major categories of national economy, and the number of application cases has accumulated to more than 50,000. Behind various 5G applications, many 5G innovative technologies provide support.

At a recent media communication conference, Li Yan, vice president of technical standards of Qualcomm, talked about innovation in mobile communication technologies such as 4G and 5G, and shared the value of innovation in a tree-like structure. He believes that the application of mobile Internet in 3G era has laid a certain foundation, 5G is based on 4G, its core is based on OFDM waveform, OFDM brings MIMO technology, and OFDM-based access control process, all of which have laid a good foundation in 4G era. Li Yan said that OFDM and its flexible frame structure and channel coding constitute the main part of the trunk.

For example, one of the significant changes in 5G compared to 4G is faster data transmission rates, and the faster data is generated and transmitted, the more power is consumed by codec, and 4G coding schemes (called "Turbo coding") are difficult to meet. Therefore, Qualcomm began to study advanced LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) channel coding technology more than a decade before 5G commercial use, and combined LDPC and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ, the basic link of cellular communication principle) to support data transmission speed expansion up to tens of Gbps while minimizing power consumption. LDPC has therefore been introduced into the 5G standard, thanks to Qualcomm's advanced LDPC innovations, which make 5G's ultra-high data rates possible while also controlling power consumption, thus reducing battery size.

5G is a technology designed for the Internet of Everything, which is expanding from mobile phones to many vertical industries, while 5G innovations oriented to vertical fields, such as car networking and satellite communication, can also be said to be branches of "5G innovation tree." For example, in satellite communications, Qualcomm positioned trucks through satellites more than 30 years ago, and Qualcomm's CDMA technology also originated from research on satellite technology and applied it to the ground. With long-term accumulation in the field of satellite communications, Qualcomm led the development of satellite communications functions in the latest 5G Release 17 of 3GPP, and will continue to promote the development of satellite communications technology for end-user terminals and Internet of Things in 5G Advanced. In addition, Qualcomm's 5G innovation in the vertical field also involves the Internet of Vehicles, the Internet of Things, etc., providing more support for 5G enabling thousands of industries.

With the expansion of 5G to thousands of lines and hundreds of industries, there are more and more participants in 5G. Each node on the branch is deeply optimized, just like "leaves" grow on the branch, representing the optimization of each sub-field, or a certain technology is further polished to form inventions and supplements in relatively narrow fields, thus forming the whole leafy tree. This trend can also be seen from the change in the number of standard-setting participants. In the 2G era, the main contributors to IS-95 standards include Qualcomm, Motorola, Nortel, Ericsson, Nokia and a few other companies, but now the number of companies contributing to 5G standards has increased by a hundredfold. Many companies are contributing their own innovative inventions to the 5G standard, which have real value, which is also one of the hot topics in the industry in recent years.

Obviously, for a big tree, the trunk is the most central part, and the branches are important innovations that allow 5G to expand to new use cases and continue to provide "basic nutrients" for 5G applications in all walks of life. Li Yan also believes that the influence of evaluation standards should not only depend on the number of patents obtained, or how many patents are included in the standards, but should pay more attention to which functions have been really applied by the industry and what specific contributions have been made to the industry. Therefore, Qualcomm has been paying close attention to the application of technology, reflecting the value of 5G innovation in the process of promoting its landing.

Looking back on the development of 5G in the past few years, we can see that from the 5G new air interface interoperability test (IODT) before 5G commercial use to the listing of 5G commercial mobile phones, and then to the application of 5G in many industries other than mobile phones, this is actually the process in which technology manufacturers, terminal manufacturers, operators, industry users and other industrial parties jointly promote the implementation of 5G innovation. Li Yan said that now the manufacturers committed to participating in the cellular communication field all over the world gather in 3GPP. Starting from 5G, more automobile manufacturers, satellite manufacturers and broadcasting manufacturers have joined in, thus forming a more complete ecology. Qualcomm contributes its own technical capabilities to 3GPP. After standardization is completed through 3GPP, Qualcomm shares its experience and knowledge to the entire industry chain by using the influence of 3GPP, and jointly drives the vigorous development of the entire industry chain through standardization. Li Yan stressed that this also reflects Qualcomm's influence and leadership on the industry: it can not only raise new problems, but also drive and promote the industry to overcome difficulties, solve problems and make it a standard and form an industry-this can be called real influence.

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