Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: SF Chinese (ID:kexuejiaodian), author: SF

From omnipotent superconducting materials to ubiquitous microbes; from thousands of magical species in nature to lines of code that control robots. For the future of mankind, scientists are quietly exploring every corner of the world. Every cutting-edge research is a beautiful picture of the future drawn by scientists, which places human beings' boundless longing for a better life.

Wen Jing | Wen Jing

The star of the next generation of scientific and technological revolution: superconducting materials have the characteristics of absolute zero resistance and complete diamagnetism, and have opportunities to display their talents in almost all fields involving electricity and magnetism, including superconducting cables, superconducting current limiters, motors, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-energy particle accelerators, maglev trains and other strong magnetic fields. And the fields of weak electricity and weak magnetism, such as superconducting single-photon detector, superconducting quantum interferometer, terahertz device, superconducting high frequency resonant cavity, superconducting qubit and so on.

On July 12, a research team led by Professor Zhang Guangming of Tsinghua University and Professor Wang Meng of Sun Yat-sen University published an article in the academic journal Nature, announcing the discovery of nickel oxides, the second kind of unconventional superconducting family that breaks through the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K).

The traditional high temperature superconductors-copper oxides include Bi system, Y system, Tl system and Hg system. There are some problems such as high toxicity in Tl and Hg, and fragile materials in Bi and Y, so it is difficult to realize the standard of scale industrialization. Because copper oxide superconducting materials have defects, scientists have been trying to search for new high temperature superconducting materials.

The first nickel-based superconductor is LnNiO2. Previously, scientists have gradually increased the critical temperature of tweezers-based oxide films from 15 K to more than 30 K (pressure 12 GPa). However, single crystal or bulk superconductivity has not been realized in LnNiO2 system, so scientists also hope to find unconventional superconductivity under high pressure in other nickel oxide materials.

In the new study, scientists found high pressure induced superconductivity of about 80 K (pressure 14 GPa) in La3Ni2O7 single crystal samples. This is a new breakthrough in the research of nickel-based superconductors. with the previous accumulation in the field of copper oxide superconductors and iron agent superconductors, scientists will certainly be able to find more superconductors in nickel-based materials and further break through the restrictions of temperature and pressure.

Origami manipulator: more flexible, with the potential of underwater operation, the software manipulator can adapt to the complex environment and ensure the integrity of the grasping target, which is one of the hot research directions in the field of software robot. The software manipulator has a broad application prospect in the fields of industrial production, aerospace operations, helping the elderly and the disabled, minimally invasive surgery, complex environment search and detection and so on.

On July 19, a research team led by Professor Xu Yan of Zhejiang University and Professor Jiang Hanqing of Xihu University published an article in the academic journal Natural Communications (Nature Communications), showing their research results in the direction of software manipulators-a full-motion mode fluid drive module based on origami structure.

Most of the movements of organisms in nature are made up of three basic types of motion-bending, twisting and contracting / stretching. In the new study, the machine unit developed by scientists can achieve bending, twisting and contraction / extension composition as well as four combinations of these three basic types, a total of seven different motion modes.

Series multiple modules, coupled with a grip, to form a "origami manipulator". Origami manipulators can perform more complex and finer movements.

Scientists optimize the traditional connection structure, in terms of time, shorten the connection time, so that each module can function immediately after the connection, and can increase or decrease the drive unit at will; in space, it reduces the number of modules required and expands the workspace of the origami manipulator.

This kind of origami manipulator with general deformation mode not only has great potential in accomplishing complex movements, but also has advantages in performing tasks in complex environments. In the experiment, scientists control the movement of modules and manipulators by deflating and inhaling, and liquids and gases have the same fluid characteristics. If the research on the use of water-driven modules and manipulators is mature in the future, you can make the origami manipulator operate underwater.

Smart devices for monitoring fungal infections: facing the world problem of drug resistance drug-resistant microbial infection is a worldwide public health problem. Fungal infection is more difficult to cure and more likely to produce drug resistance than bacteria, so it is necessary to detect and intervene fungal infection in the early stage. In order to facilitate telemedicine, a series of intelligent wound monitoring devices developed by scientists are also more effective in monitoring bacterial infection, and more difficulties need to be overcome in order to achieve effective monitoring of fungal infection.

On July 19, a research team led by Tang Benzhong and Zhao Zheng of the Chinese University of Hong Kong published an article in the academic journal Matter, proposing an intelligent portable system that can monitor fungal infections in a few seconds and treat them with light energy. The antifungal activity is more than 96%, and the wound can heal within a week.

The intelligent system uses a fluorescent film sensor and is equipped with a fungal-sensitive aggregation-induced photoluminescence material (AIEgens) as a wound dressing. Compared with traditional fluorescent materials, AIEgens has the advantages of high strength, good photostability and can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species.

The fluorescence change of wound dressing can be detected by configuring ultraviolet light source and white light source as excitation source on smart phone. Combined with remote communication technology and image analysis technology, the intelligent system can also carry out wireless data transmission and infection analysis, so that we can communicate remotely with doctors about the changes of the wound.

In addition, according to the results of the analysis or the doctor's suggestion, we can also switch the equipment to photodynamic therapy mode, that is, photodynamic therapy with low power white light irradiation (5 mW / cm2) for 1 minute.

The intelligent system promotes the development of smart home medicine to a certain extent, and provides a new idea for overcoming the worldwide problem of drug-resistant microbial infection.

References:

Signatures of superconductivity near 80 K in a nickelate under high pressure | Nature

Plug & play origami modules with all-purpose deformation modes | Nature Communications

Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.06.028

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