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When a novice buys a camera, he will encounter many camera brands, far more than in the current digital age. These brands have their own strengths and are in different ages, some continue to this day, some are once brilliant, and many are short-lived.

Today, we continue our introductory series to explain common film camera brands, camera categories and basic varieties that we are good at.

The explanation is very brief.

German brand Leica: German brand, good at paraxial camera manufacturing, its main 135 products have 3 series, pre-World War II screw mouth L39 camera series, Leica M paraxial camera series, Leica R SLR camera series, among which M paraxial series is the most classic. Leica, M and R all have home-made lenses, of which M-port lenses are the essence.

For beginners, Leica can use relatively convenient M cameras such as M6MagneM7 and so on.

Flenda: German brand, a German optical equipment enterprise with a long history. Flenda's highlight moment was around the 1950s when many classic metal 135 side-axis cameras were launched, including the antenna machine, the Supreme Series and so on. Before the war, Flenda was famous for his old cameras and lenses.

Zeiss-ZEISS IKON: before the war, it was the camera brand of Zeiss Company, and it was also the largest civil camera enterprise in the world before the war. It launched a wide variety of cameras, not only producing skin-cavity cameras, but also producing metal 120s, even 135s. Zeiss's most classic 135s include the pre-war contax series of side axles and the postwar contarex series of SLRs. Zeiss suffered a great blow in the process of the division of Germany, and its historical development was tortuous, so the brand has not been further developed.

Lulai: he is good at 120 DSLR cameras, and later developed a very complete 120 SLR clue. Lulai's most classic 135 camera is the Lulai 35 series, but this kind of camera has no focus mechanism and has certain requirements on the photographer's ability.

German Kodak-Reddina: RETINA is actually the name of the German Kodak camera, and later became their commonly used camera name. The RETINA camera is developed by the German Kodak Company in cooperation between the American Kodak Company and the German Dr. Augustnag. It is famous for its metal cavity cameras. After World War II, the German Kodak Company quickly recovered and continued to launch a series of RETINA cameras, but gradually became desolate after the 1960s.

ROBOT: German manufacturers mainly produce wind-up cameras. The camera machine is complex, and some automatic functions can be accomplished with the help of winding power.

Alpa, Switzerland: Alpa is not a German brand, but a Swiss camera brand. It is temporarily placed here. In the past, it mainly used SLR cameras and launched many models of SLR cameras. The operation is unique and has a certain collection value.

Antique brands and East German cameras affected by the division of Germany

Look at tomorrow's article on this question, which will explain to you what is going on with Exantai brand, KW factory, PENTACON and so on.

Japanese brand Nikon: a military optical enterprise formerly known as Nippon Optics, which was the national background of Japan before the war, began to manufacture civilian cameras only after the war. Nikon has been famous for its 135 SLR since 1959 and has launched many classic products.

Nikon novice uses FM2 most often. In addition to FM2, manual cameras like F3 and F2 are also good choices.

There are also many users of Nikon SLR, such as F100Tech F6, etc., all have many users. Especially its last generation of flagship F6, although the price is more expensive, but the speed is very fast, very modern.

Beginners are not recommended to play Nikon's side axis.

Pentax: formerly known as Asahi Optics, there was the word ASAHI on the early camera. Known as SLR cameras, it also makes 135 cameras.

Pentax cameras are not often used by novice users, their LX cameras are very classic, and the later MZ series of SLR is also more convenient, the more famous is the last MZ-S camera.

Minolta: Japanese classic camera brand, which is famous for DSLR, is an early manufacturer of SLR cameras in Japan, and often leads the development of DSLR electronic technology.

Minolta uses X700 SLR, manual focus and all-electric control most frequently in new hands. In terms of mechanical cameras, Minolta's SRT101 is very popular. In the late electronic age, the A7 Magi A9 camera is also a classic.

In addition, Minolta has many paraxial cameras, the early 7s series, the later famous TC-1 and so on are very famous, but also have a certain popularity. But for beginners, these cameras are more limited, such as TC-1 equipped with a small aperture wide-angle lens, can not meet some of your basic needs, the choice needs to be more careful.

Konica: Japan's famous early camera manufacturer, formerly known as Xiao Xi Liu Photo Industry, is famous for producing paraxial cameras. Konica also produced film later, and the HEXAR RF camera they launched in the 1990s was known as the Leica M side axis.

Konica later merged with Minolta, but withdrew from the civil optical market shortly after the merger.

Olympus: Olympus is a Japanese manufacturer of medical optical devices. They have also made DRS with an aperture of 2.8, and later became famous for the OM series of SLRs. Among them, the OM-1 camera is very popular in China because of its full mechanical design and compact size more than 10 years ago.

Olympus laptops also have many users, such as their μ series (not U, the Greek letter μ, but you can do U search), especially μ 2. But if the film novice plays purely, there is no problem with this kind of portable computer.

Canon: canon has launched many cameras in the film era, many L39 paraxial cameras in the early days, and then the FD bayonet SLR, which is the main force of Canon's manual SLR. The EOS series cameras were launched in the late 1980s.

Canon FD DSLR camera has a high performance-to-price ratio, in which the flagship products F1 and the new F1 have good performance, but slightly bulky. In the past, their electronic machine AE1 was more popular, but in fact, A1 is also a good choice.

Canon EOS film machine performance is good, of which the most famous is the flagship EOS-1V, can be called the most automated 135SLR camera. Like their EOS-3,EOS-5 is also a good choice.

Fuji: Fuji is the most miscellaneous manufacturer in Japan. It not only produces film, 135120 of which are involved, but even makes a large number of large-frame lenses. Fuji's 135s perform differently in different ages, but the real problem is divided into the FUJICA SLR era and the later portable era. But Fuji laptops are more expensive.

Ricoh: Ricoh mainly deals in image office supplies, including photocopiers, fax machines and so on. Cameras are not its main business. However, Ricoh camera department has still developed a lot of cameras in a long time, and has also developed a complete SLR system. Ricoh is now best known for its GR1 portable cameras, but their AUTOHALF half-frame cameras were once all the rage.

Yashika: a very famous camera manufacturer in Japan, it is famous for making high-performance SLR and 120 DSLR. In the early days, it mainly manufactured metal side-axis cameras, and it was one of the first manufacturers to manufacture all-electric control side axles. In the 1970s, he helped Zeiss develop electronic SLR cameras, which was later incorporated into Kyocera.

Other 135 Japanese manufacturers:

Tokyo Optical TOPCON:50 era of the rise of the Japanese SLR camera pioneer, the launch of the world's first civilian TTL SLR (although Pentax first public, but TOPCON first release), also has a strong optical development capability. After the 1960s, it gradually withdrew from the civil camera market.

Imperial Optical ZUNOW: an active manufacturer in the 1950s, the first manufacturer in the world to make ultra-large aperture headers, designed and manufactured the astonishing 50ripple 1.1 lens in the 1950s. At the same time, a systematic DSLR system is developed. However, due to the problem of funds and development strategy, it gradually withdrew from the market at the end of 1950s.

MIRANDA: Japan's postwar DSLR brand, its most famous thing is MIRANDA-SENSOREX camera. The brand is very special because its founder has designed fighter planes and is involved in war crimes investigations, so the brand cannot be sold in Japan, but can be exported in the United States. MIRANDA was the largest export brand camera in Japan at that time. However, due to the fierce competition for homogenized cameras and the slow development of camera TTL functions, they finally withdrew from the camera market in the 1970s.

Kuribayashi PETRI: commonly known as Belle camera in China, its most famous product is PENTA series SLR camera. PENTA SLR is the first entry-level SLR in Japan, which has won a good market response and is known as the first DSLR of the Japanese in the 1950s. The DSLR design operation has a strong East German camera flavor. This brand has also produced some famous metal side shafts.

Japan-Germany cooperation brand Japan-Germany cooperation brand is mainly German brand, German optics + Japanese electronics model.

CONTAX: the uppercase CONTAX brand was a partnership between West German Zeiss Company and Japan's Yashika Company in 1975. After 1982, Yashika Company was acquired by Kyocera, and CONTAX became a Kyocera brand. The fuselage is designed and manufactured by Japan, part of the lens is designed and manufactured by Zeiss, and part of the lens is designed and manufactured by the Yashika optics department. The brand is mainly a SLR, and in the 1990s it also launched a G-series side axle, an automatic 645DSLR, and even a full-frame CCD SLR.

There are many types of CONTAX, mainly electronic control. They have a mechanical S2 camera that is very classic.

New Flenda: also known as fake Florenda, fake Flenda, is launched after the Japanese COSINA company acquired the trademark rights of Flenda. Now the brand only produces lenses, and in the 10 years from 1999 to 2010, they introduced many different kinds of retro cameras, of which the BESSA R series side axles are the most famous.

There are also many kinds of BESAA-R cameras in the new Flenda, most of which use Leica M port, which belongs to the spare machine of Leica M port side axis and replaces the machine. The more classic machines are BESSA-R2,BESSA-R2A and so on.

Domestic camera New China's camera industry has grown from scratch, mainly manufactured by various factories under the planned economic system. In fact, the brand of these cameras is not a brand concept in the traditional sense at first, but more like a model name. After the reform and opening up, camera brand awareness rose, domestic cameras also tried to catch up for 10 years, but finally exited. However, China has long contract for all kinds of cameras and optical equipment, and despite the decline of the whole machine brand, it still plays an important role in the world's civil optical production.

Seagull camera: the brand name used by Shanghai camera Factory, which developed many classic cameras in the early days, such as the Shanghai 58 camera, which was originally copied from Leica. Its most famous 135 product was the 205 camera, although this camera was later mainly made by Phoenix. In the 1980s, Seagull also developed a small KJ side-axis camera, but unfortunately, due to the high failure rate, it did not get the same good evaluation as the side-axis seven swords. Shanghai camera Factory was also the first manufacturer of 135SLR in China, launching the DF camera in 1966. After the 1980s, Seagull camera focused on DSLRs and launched many DSLRs in cooperation with Japan. Seagull in the final stage, also launched a very magical DF-5000 camera, although the performance is very completely backward, but the shape is really handsome.

Phoenix camera: Jiangxi Optical instrument General Factory was established in 1970. it was formed by the merger of a number of optical departments. in addition to undertaking some military tasks, the civilian side took over the 205 camera from Shanghai No.2 Factory at the beginning and became the main brand of 205 camera in the future. After the reform and opening up, the Phoenix brand was used to make a large number of cameras and optical lenses. Phoenix brand has also launched a series of DSLRs with Japanese manufacturers through a lot of technical cooperation. But its ultimate peak was the T981 camera made for Anyuan in Japan in the 1990s, which is the second time the Chinese have made the L39 screw camera since 1958.

Pearl River camera: although it is called Pearl River, it is actually developed in three military factories in Sichuan. Its representative product is Smur201 SLR, an imitation of Nikon F, and a popular SLR that can replace the viewfinder. After that, Pearl River camera also partnered with Pentax in Japan to produce cameras. Pearl River SLR 201 is a very common SLR camera, but now that there are more foreign cameras, there are fewer fans using domestic old SLR films.

There are many kinds and brands of domestic cameras. I will only talk about 3 here.

In fact, after entering the era of metal cameras, there are French FOCA, British military flag, and many other brands, which can be said to be innumerable. In addition, Soviet cameras can not be ignored, there are many kinds of cameras. But these cameras are generally not very good at using, so we will have a chance to introduce them again in the future.

This article is from the official Wechat account: film fan club (ID:jiaojuanmi), author: Shanghai Old dirty Turtle

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