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1. About Oracle database

1. Brief introduction of Oracle database.

Oracle is a database management system and the core product of Oracle. It has excellent performance in data security and security control, as well as data operation ability across operating systems and hardware platforms. Based on the client / server (Client/Server) system structure.

It can be said that Oracle database system is a popular relational database management system in the world at present. The system has good portability, easy to use and strong function, and is suitable for all kinds of large, medium, small and microcomputer environments. It is a database solution with high efficiency and good reliability, which adapts to high throughput.

2. Main features:

(1) support multi-user, large transaction volume transaction processing.

(2) excellent performance in maintaining data security and integrity.

(3) support distributed data processing. The databases published in different physical locations are connected with a communication network to form a logically unified database.

(4) data processing task.

(5) it is transplantable. Oracle can be used on Windows, Linux and other operating system platforms.

3. Basic concepts:

(1) Database. The database here is a collection of data stored on disk, which is physically represented as data files, log files, control files and so on. Logically exists in the form of tablespaces. You must create a database before you can use Oracle. Can be created on Database Configuation Assistant.

(2) Global database name. The identity used to distinguish a database. It consists of database name and domain name, which is similar to the domain name in the network, so that the naming of the database is unique in the whole network environment.

(3) Database instance. Each launched database corresponds to a database instance that accesses the data in the database.

(4) tablespace. Each database is made up of several tablespaces, and all the content created by the user in the database is stored in the tablespace. A tablespace can consist of multiple data files, but a data file can only belong to one tablespace.

(5) data file. The extension is .dbf, which is the file used to store database data. The data of many tables may be stored in a data file, and the data of a table can also be stored in multiple data files. There is no one-to-one relationship between data files and database tables.

(6) Control documents. The exhibition name .ctl is a binary file. Control files are necessary for database startup and operation. The name and location of the data file and log file are stored. Oracle 11g contains three control files by default.

(7) log files. The extension .log records all changes to the data and provides a data recovery mechanism to ensure that the database is restored after a system crash or other unexpected occurrence. In the course of work, multiple log filegroups are recycled.

(8) pattern and pattern object. A schema is a collection of database objects (tables, indexes, etc., also known as schema objects).

Second, install oracle

1. Experimental environment

 physical memory is not less than 4G

 swap switch partition not less than 8G

 add a new disk space of not less than 15G

 mount partition file type is xfs

 GNOME Chinese Desktop Environment

2. Change the hostname and hosts files

Vi / etc/hostname / / change hostname Oracle vi / etc/hosts / / add host IP and hostname mapping

192.168.80.170 Oracle

Note: restart the virtual machine after the change

3. Install the software environment corresponding to Oracle

Yum-y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

4. Adjust kernel parameters

Vi / etc/sysctl.conf / / add the following

Fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 # the recommended value for the number of asynchronous IO requests is: 1048576, in fact, it equals 1024,1024, that is, 1024K.

Fs.file-max = 6815744 # maximum number of open file handles to prevent file descriptor exhaustion

Kernel.shmall = 2097152 # Total shared memory pages, divided by 4K

Kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

Kernel.shmmni = 4096

Kernel.sem = 32000 32000 128 # SEMMSL: maximum number of signals per signal set SEMMNS: maximum number of signals used to control the entire Linux system SEMOPM: kernel parameters are used to control the number of signal operations that can be performed per semop system call SEMMNI: kernel parameters are used to control the maximum number of signal sets in the entire Linux system

Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 # Port range for outbound connections

Net.core.rmem_default = 262144 # default value of socket receive buffer size

Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # maximum size of socket receive buffer size

Net.core.wmem_default = 262144 # default value of socket send buffer size

Net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 # maximum size of socket send buffer size

Sysctl-p / / reload the configuration file

5. User environment configuration

Groupadd oinstall / / add software installation group groupadd dba / / add database group useradd-g oinstall-G dba oracle/ / create oracle user passwd oracle/ / password 123123mkdir-p / orc/app/oracle/ / create Oracle installation directory chown-R oracle:oinstall / orc/app/ specify group chmod-R 755 / orc/app/oracle/ specify file read and write permissions

Vi / home/oracle/.bash_profile / / oracle user environment configuration

Add the following

Umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/orc/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/

ORACLE_SID=orcl

NLS_LANG= "SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA" .UTF8

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

Export PATH LANG NLS_LANG ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

Refresh the environment

Source / home/oracle/.bash_profile

6. Oracle user resource restrictions

Vi / etc/pam.d/login / / use pam_limits authentication module

Add the following

Session required / lib/security/pam_limits.so

Session required pam_limits.so

Deployment of vi / etc/security/limits.conf / / system resources

Add the following

Oracle soft nproc 2047 # number of processes available to a single user

Oracle hard nproc 16384

Oracle soft nofile 1024 # number of files that users can open

Oracle hard nofile 65536

Oracle soft stack 10240 # Stack Settings

Control of vi / etc/profile / / process and file count

Add the following

If [$USER = "oracle"]

Then

If [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"]

Then

Ulimit-p 16384 # buffer size

Ulimit-n 65536

Else

Ulimit-u 16384-n 65536 # number of processes and files

Fi

Fi

7. Upload and download data files

Https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

Transfer the downloaded installation package to / home/oracle/ chmod 755-R / home/oracle/database/export DISPLAY=:0xhost + / / to root user operation su-oracle/ / switch oracle user export DISPLAY=:0.0cd database./runInstaller installation!

8. Log in to the graphical interface as oracle

Next, after the summary appears in the following figure, you can continue with the installation.

The pop-up window in the main picture is directly selected and determined.

9. Log in using the oracle user

Sqlplus / as sysdba (sys users are the top administrators of oracle, so add as)

10. Opening and closing of the database

Enable: startup

Start the three stages

Open an instance

Load the database

Open the database

Close:

Shutdown normal (transaction wait, long time) shutdown immediate (recommended) shutdown transactionalshutdown abort (special case, data may be lost)

Monitoring will be turned off by default after restarting the database!

11. Enable monitoring mode

[oracle@Oracle ~] $lsnrctl LSNRCTL > start [oracle@Oracle ~] $lsnrctl stop

12. Open the web management page

Https://oracle:5500/em/login

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