Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizen Mr. Air, Rimi Ishihara, Brother Black fly's left hand, suitcase, Windelight, rain and snow clues delivery! CTOnews.com, June 28, the State Council and the Central military Commission recently promulgated the interim regulations on the Administration of Flight of Unmanned aerial vehicles (CTOnews.com hereinafter referred to as the regulations), which will enter into force on January 1, 2024.

The regulations consist of 6 chapters and 63 articles. Mainly according to the idea of classified management, strengthen the airworthiness management and quality control of the design, production, maintenance and assembly of unmanned aircraft, establish a product identification number and owner's real name registration system, clarify the qualification requirements of users and operators, strictly manage flight activities, establish flight control airspace and airworthiness airspace of unmanned aircraft, establish flight activity application system, and clarify flight activity norms. We will strengthen supervision and management and emergency disposal, improve the integrated comprehensive supervision and service platform, implement emergency disposal responsibilities, and improve emergency disposal measures.

Officials said that the regulations focus on the maintenance of aviation safety, public safety and national security, focus on improving the regulatory rules for unmanned aircraft, and carry out full-chain management of unmanned aircraft from design, production to operation and use. strive to build a scientific, standardized and efficient management system for unmanned aircraft flight and related activities To provide a strong legal guarantee for preventing and defusing the safety risks of unmanned aircraft and promoting the sustained and healthy development of related industries.

Interim regulations on the Flight Administration of Unmanned aerial vehicles

Chapter I General provisions

Article 1 these regulations are formulated with a view to regulating the flight of unmanned aircraft and related activities, promoting the healthy and orderly development of the unmanned aircraft industry, and safeguarding aviation safety, public safety and national security.

Article 2 these regulations shall be observed when flying unmanned aircraft and related activities within the territory of the people's Republic of China.

The term "unmanned aircraft" as mentioned in these regulations refers to an aircraft without an airborne pilot and with its own power system.

According to the performance index, unmanned aerial vehicles are divided into micro, light, small, medium and large.

Article 3 the flight management of unmanned aerial vehicles shall adhere to and strengthen the leadership of the Party, adhere to the overall concept of national security, and adhere to the principles of safety first, service development, classified management and coordinated supervision.

Article 4 the national leading body for air traffic management shall exercise unified leadership over the flight management of unmanned aircraft throughout the country, and organize and coordinate the resolution of major problems in the management of unmanned aircraft.

The civil aviation, public security, industrial and information, market supervision and administration departments of the State Council shall be responsible for the management of unmanned aircraft throughout the country in accordance with the division of duties.

The local people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall be responsible for the administration of unmanned aircraft within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the division of duties.

Air traffic management agencies at all levels shall be responsible for the flight management of unmanned aircraft in their respective areas of responsibility in accordance with the division of duties.

Article 5 the State encourages scientific research and innovation of unmanned aircraft and the popularization and application of their achievements, and promotes the integration and innovation of unmanned aircraft with new technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence. The people's governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall provide support for the scientific research and innovation of unmanned aerial vehicles and the popularization and application of their achievements.

On the premise of ensuring safety, the state actively innovates the mechanism for the supply and use of airspace, and improves the supporting infrastructure and service system for unmanned aircraft flight.

Article 6 relevant trade associations for unmanned aircraft shall strengthen industry self-discipline by formulating and implementing group standards, publicize laws and regulations on the management of unmanned aircraft and relevant knowledge, and enhance the awareness of relevant units and personnel to carry out unmanned aircraft flight and related activities in accordance with the law.

Chapter II Management of Civil Unmanned aerial vehicles and operators

Article 7 the administrative department in charge of standardization under the State Council and other relevant departments under the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of duties, organize the formulation of national and industry standards for the design, production and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems.

Article 8 those engaged in the design, production, import, flight and maintenance of medium and large civil unmanned aircraft systems shall apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for airworthiness permits in accordance with the law.

It is not necessary to obtain an airworthiness license to engage in the design, production, import, flight, maintenance, assembly and assembly of micro, light and small civil unmanned aircraft systems, however, the relevant products shall comply with the relevant provisions of product quality laws and regulations and relevant compulsory national standards.

Engaging in the design, production and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall comply with the relevant national regulations on real name registration and activation, flight area restrictions, emergency disposal, network information security, etc., and take effective measures to reduce atmospheric pollutants and noise emissions.

Article 9 producers of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall set up a unique product identification number for their unmanned aircraft in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of industry and information technology under the State Council.

Producers of miniature, light and small civil unmanned aircraft systems shall mark the product type and unique product identification number and other information on the body of the unmanned aircraft, and mark the law-abiding operation requirements and risk warning in the prominent position of the product packaging.

Article 10 owners of civil unmanned aircraft shall register under their real names in accordance with the law, and the specific measures shall be formulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments.

Civil unmanned aerial vehicles involved in overseas flights shall register their nationality in accordance with the law.

Article 11 Units that use civil unmanned aircraft other than miniature aircraft to engage in flight activities shall meet the following conditions, and apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council or the regional civil aviation administrative authority (hereinafter collectively referred to as the civil aviation administrative department) to obtain the civil unmanned aircraft operation certificate (hereinafter referred to as the operation certificate):

(1) there are management organizations, management personnel and operators who comply with the provisions of these regulations for the implementation of safe operation

(2) having unmanned aircraft and related facilities and equipment that meet the requirements for safe operation

(3) to have the necessary management system and operating procedures for implementing safe operation, and to ensure that they have the ability to carry out safe operation continuously in accordance with the rules and regulations.

(4) A unit that engages in business activities shall also be a profit-making legal person.

After receiving the application, the civil aviation administrative department shall conduct an operational safety assessment and make a decision on permission or disapproval in accordance with the law according to the results of the evaluation. If the license is granted, the operation certificate shall be issued; if the permit is not granted, the applicant shall be notified in writing and the reasons shall be given.

To use agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles with a maximum takeoff weight of not more than 150 kg to engage in agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing operations in the flying airspace above the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing area (hereinafter referred to as conventional agricultural unmanned aircraft operating flight activities), there is no need to obtain an operation certificate.

After obtaining the operation certificate to engage in commercial general aviation flight activities, as well as conventional agricultural unmanned aircraft operation flight activities, there is no need to obtain general aviation operation license and operation certificate.

Article 12 liability insurance shall be taken out in accordance with law for the use of civil unmanned aircraft to engage in commercial flight activities, and for the use of small, medium and large civil unmanned aircraft to engage in non-commercial flight activities.

Article 13 if defects are found in miniature, light or small civil unmanned aircraft systems after they are put on the market, the producers and importers shall stop production and sale and recall defective products, and notify the relevant operators and users to stop selling and using them. If the producer or importer fails to carry out the recall in accordance with the law, the market supervision and administration department under the State Council shall order the recall according to law.

If a medium or large civil unmanned aircraft system cannot be continuously in a state of airworthiness, it shall be dealt with by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council in accordance with the relevant provisions on airworthiness management.

Article 14 where a major design change is made to a civil unmanned aircraft system that has obtained an airworthiness permit and is intended to be used in flight activities, a new application for airworthiness permit shall be applied for.

The modification of the system of miniature, light and small civil unmanned aircraft shall comply with the relevant compulsory national standards. Where there is a change in the ex-factory performance and parameters of a civil unmanned aircraft system, such as airspace retention capability, reliable monitoring capability, speed or altitude, the owner shall update the performance and parameter information on the integrated supervision and service platform for unmanned aerial vehicles in a timely manner.

Whoever modifies a civil unmanned aircraft shall abide by the administrative provisions of the category to which it belongs after the conversion.

Article 15 the production, maintenance and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems shall abide by the laws and regulations on radio administration and the relevant provisions of the State. However, if a civil unmanned aircraft system uses a specific radio frequency determined by the state radio regulatory agency, and the relevant radio transmitting equipment has obtained the type approval of the radio transmitting equipment, it is not necessary to obtain a radio frequency license and a radio station license.

Article 16 personnel operating small, medium and large civil unmanned aircraft shall meet the following conditions and apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council to obtain a license for the corresponding civil unmanned aircraft operator (hereinafter referred to as the operator):

(1) having full capacity for civil conduct

(2) to receive safety control training and pass the examination by the civil aviation administration department

(3) there is no history of diseases that may affect the handling of civil unmanned aircraft, and no record of drug abuse

(4) in the past five years, there has been no record of criminal punishment for intentional crimes that endanger national security or public security or infringe upon citizens' personal rights or disrupt public order.

Personnel engaged in flight activities of conventional agricultural unmanned aircraft operations do not need to obtain an operator's license, however, the producers of agricultural unmanned aircraft systems shall conduct training and assessment in accordance with the contents prescribed by the competent civil aviation and agricultural and rural departments under the State Council, and obtain the operation certificate after passing the qualification.

Article 17 personnel operating miniature and light civil unmanned aircraft shall not be required to obtain an operator's license, but shall be proficient in the operation methods of the relevant aircraft, risk warning information and relevant management systems.

A person without civil capacity can only control the flight of a miniature civil unmanned aircraft, while a person with limited civil capacity can only control the flight of a miniature or light civil unmanned aircraft. If a person without civil capacity controls the flight of a miniature civil unmanned aircraft or a person with limited civil capacity controls the flight of a light civil unmanned aircraft, he shall be guided on the spot by a person with full civil capacity who meets the conditions prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

Personnel operating light civil unmanned aircraft flying in the airspace controlled by unmanned aircraft shall have full civil capacity and shall be trained and qualified in accordance with the provisions of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

Chapter III airspace and Flight activity Management

Article 18 the establishment of flight airspace for unmanned aircraft shall follow the principles of overall allocation, safety and efficiency, give priority to isolation flight, take into account integrated flight requirements, and give full consideration to flight safety and public interests.

The horizontal and vertical scope and time of use shall be clearly defined in the delineation of the flight airspace of unmanned aircraft.

The air traffic control agency shall give priority to the establishment of airspace for unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out military, police, customs and emergency management missions.

Article 19 the State shall, when necessary, designate unmanned aircraft control airspace (hereinafter referred to as control airspace).

The airspace above the true height of 120 meters, the air restricted area, the air restricted area and the surrounding airspace, the ultra-low altitude flight airspace of military aviation, and the airspace above the following areas shall be designated as controlled airspace:

(1) the airport and the surrounding areas

(2) an area within a certain range of the national boundary, the line of actual control and the border line to our side

(3) secret-related units such as military restricted zones, military administrative zones and places of supervision, as well as certain surrounding areas

(4) the protection areas of important military facilities, the control areas of nuclear facilities, the production and storage areas of flammable and explosive and other dangerous goods, and the large storage areas of combustible and important materials

(5) Public infrastructure such as power plants, substations, refueling (gas) stations, water supply plants, public transport hubs, aviation and power hubs, major water conservancy facilities, ports, highways, railway electrification lines, and surrounding areas and drinking water source protection areas

(6) facilities requiring special protection of the electromagnetic environment, such as radio observatories, satellite measurement and control (navigation) stations, aeronautical radio navigation stations and radar stations, as well as certain surrounding areas

(7) important revolutionary memorial sites, important immovable cultural relics and certain surrounding areas

(8) other areas as prescribed by the national leading body for air traffic management.

The specific scope of airspace control shall be determined by the air traffic management agencies at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the national air traffic management leading bodies, and promulgated by the people's governments at or above the municipal level divided into districts, civil aviation administrative departments and units responsible for corresponding duties issue navigation intelligence.

Unmanned aircraft flight activities shall not be carried out in the controlled airspace without the approval of the air traffic control agency.

The airspace outside the scope of the regulated airspace is the airworthiness airspace of micro, light and small unmanned aircraft (hereinafter referred to as the airworthiness airspace).

Article 20 in case of special circumstances, the controlled airspace may be temporarily increased, and the air traffic control agencies shall determine the horizontal and vertical scope and use time of the relevant airspace in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

If major national activities and other large-scale activities are guaranteed, 24 hours before the temporary increase in controlled airspace becomes effective, the local people's governments at or above the municipal level divided into districts shall issue a public announcement, the civil aviation administrative departments and the units responsible for the corresponding duties shall issue navigation intelligence.

In case of ensuring the performance of military tasks or other emergency tasks such as anti-terrorism and stability maintenance, rescue and disaster relief, medical rescue, and so on, 30 minutes before the temporary increase in controlled airspace comes into effect, the local people's government at or above the municipal level divided into districts shall issue an emergency announcement, the civil aviation administrative department and the units responsible for the corresponding duties shall issue navigation intelligence.

Article 21 where it is necessary to set up ground warning signs for the control of airspace in accordance with the provisions of the national leading body for air traffic control, the municipal people's government divided into districts shall organize and strengthen daily inspection.

Article 22 Unmanned aircraft shall normally fly in isolation from manned aircraft.

Under any of the following circumstances, the integration flight may be carried out with the approval of the air traffic control agency:

(1) according to the needs of the mission or flight course, the unmanned aircraft under the jurisdiction of the police, customs and emergency management departments and the manned aircraft used by their own departments and units are flying in the same airspace or the same airport area

(2) the flight of large unmanned aerial vehicles with airworthiness permits

(3) A medium-sized unmanned aircraft with an airworthiness permit shall not exceed a true height of 300 meters

(4) A flight of a small unmanned aircraft not exceeding the true height of 300 meters

(5) the flight of a light unmanned aircraft shall not exceed the true height of 300 meters above the airworthy airspace.

Under one of the following circumstances, the integration flight does not need to be approved by the air traffic control agency:

(I) Flight of miniature and light unmanned aircraft in the airworthy airspace

(2) flight activities of conventional agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles.

Article 23 the national leading body for air traffic management shall make overall plans for the construction of an integrated supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft, and implement dynamic supervision and service for unmanned aircraft throughout the country.

Air traffic management agencies and civil aviation, public security, industrial and information departments and units shall, in accordance with the division of duties, collect relevant information on the production, registration and use of unmanned aircraft, rely on the integrated supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft to share, and take corresponding measures to ensure information security.

Article 24 when unmanned aircraft other than miniature aircraft carry out flight activities, the operators shall ensure that the unmanned aircraft can submit identification information to the integrated supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

Miniature, light and small unmanned aircraft shall automatically transmit identification information in the course of flight.

Article 25 Units or individuals that organize flight activities of unmanned aerial vehicles shall abide by relevant laws and regulations and rules and regulations, take the initiative to take measures to prevent accidents, and bear principal responsibility for flight safety.

Article 26 except as otherwise provided for in Article 31 of these regulations, the unit or individual organizing the flight activities of unmanned aerial vehicles shall submit an application for flight activities to the air traffic control agency at 12:00 one day before the proposed flight. The air traffic control agency shall make a decision on approval or disapproval at 21: 00 on the first day before the flight.

Where normal flight activities are carried out in a fixed airspace in accordance with the provisions of the national leading body for air traffic control, an application for long-term flight activities may be submitted and implemented after approval, and the flight plan shall be submitted to the air traffic control agency for the record at 12:00 one day before the proposed flight.

Article 27 an application for flight activities of an unmanned aircraft shall include the following:

(1) Information of units or individuals organizing flight activities, operators and relevant qualification certificates

(2) the type, quantity, main performance indicators and registration management information of unmanned aircraft

(3) the nature and mode of flight missions, and effective mission approval documents shall also be provided for the implementation of special general aviation missions prescribed by the State.

(IV) take-off, landing and standby landing airports (venues)

(5) methods of communication

(6) the expected start and end time of the flight

(7) the flight route, altitude, speed and airspace, and the method of entering and leaving the airspace

(8) Radio frequency and occupied bandwidth of command and control links

(IX) Communication, navigation and surveillance capabilities

(10) if a secondary radar transponder or relevant automatic monitoring equipment is installed, the application code shall be indicated.

(11) Emergency handling procedures

(12) Special flight support requirements

(13) other necessary information related to the use of airspace and flight safety as prescribed by the national leading body for air traffic management.

Article 28 applications for flight activities of unmanned aircraft shall be approved in accordance with the following limits of authority:

(1) those flying within the flight control zone shall be approved by the air traffic control agency responsible for the flight control zone

(2) A flight beyond the flight control zone within the flight control zone shall be approved by the air traffic control agency in charge of the flight control zone

(3) A flight beyond the flight control zone shall be approved by the air traffic control agency authorized by the leading body of the state air traffic management.

Article 29 those who use unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out emergency tasks such as anti-terrorism and stability maintenance, rescue and disaster relief, medical rescue and rescue shall submit an application for flight activities to the air traffic control agency 30 minutes before the planned take-off. The air traffic control agency shall make a decision on approval or disapproval 10 minutes before take-off. For those carrying out special emergency tasks, the user may apply for flight activities at any time.

Article 30 Units or individuals whose flight activities have been approved shall report the expected departure time and preparations to the air traffic control agency one hour before the planned take-off, and shall not take off until confirmed by the air traffic control agency.

Article 31 in organizing unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out the following flight activities, there is no need to submit an application for flight activities to the air traffic control agency:

(I) Flight activities of miniature, light and small unmanned aircraft in the airworthy airspace

(2) Flight activities of conventional agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles

(3) the flight activities of the unmanned aircraft under the jurisdiction of the police, customs and emergency management departments in the airspace above the station, ground (surface) training ground, shooting range, etc., which do not exceed the true height of 120 meters; however, it must be confirmed by the air traffic control agency one hour before the planned takeoff before taking off.

(4) the civil unmanned aircraft shall carry out inspection, survey, verification and other flight tasks within the control zone of the civil transport airport; however, it shall report regularly to the air traffic control agency for the record, and shall not take off until it is confirmed by the air traffic control agency one hour before the planned take-off.

If any of the following circumstances exist in the flight activities specified in the preceding paragraph, an application for flight activities shall be submitted in accordance with the provisions of Article 26 of these regulations:

(1) relay flights of unmanned aerial vehicles through communication base stations or the Internet

(2) carrying dangerous goods or dropping goods (except for flight activities of conventional agricultural unmanned aircraft)

(3) fly over the crowd at the rally

(4) operating unmanned aircraft on mobile vehicles

(5) to carry out distributed operation or cluster flight.

If a miniature or light unmanned aircraft is flying in an airworthy airspace, it is not necessary to obtain special general aviation mission approval documents.

Article 32 the following codes of conduct shall be observed in the operation of unmanned aircraft to carry out flight activities:

(1) to obtain relevant permits and certificates in accordance with the law, and carry them with them for reference when carrying out flight activities

(2) make preparations for safe flight before carrying out flight activities, check the status of unmanned aircraft, and update electronic fences and other information in a timely manner.

(3) to keep abreast of the flight dynamics of unmanned aerial vehicles in real time, and to maintain smooth communication with air traffic control agencies for the implementation of flight activities that need to be approved, obey air traffic management, and report in time after flight

(4) to maintain the necessary safety intervals in accordance with the provisions of the national air traffic management leading body

(5) those who operate miniature unmanned aerial vehicles shall keep flying within the line of sight

(6) those who control a small unmanned aircraft to fly in an airworthy airspace shall abide by the provisions of the national leading body for air traffic control on speed limit, communication, navigation, etc.

(7) if you fly at night or under low visibility weather conditions, you shall turn on the lighting system and ensure that it is in good working condition.

(8) those who carry out over-the-horizon flight shall grasp the flight dynamics of other aircraft in the flight airspace and take measures to avoid collision

(9) No unmanned aircraft shall be operated when it is affected by alcoholic beverages, anesthetics or other drugs

(10) the code of conduct for other flight activities as prescribed by the national air traffic management leading body.

Article 33 the following rules of avoidance shall be observed in the operation of unmanned aircraft to carry out flight activities:

(1) to avoid manned aircraft, unpowered aircraft and ground and water vehicles

(2) single aircraft flight to avoid collision cluster flight

(3) miniature unmanned aircraft to avoid other unmanned aircraft

(4) other avoidance rules prescribed by the national air traffic management leading body.

Article 34 it is prohibited to use unmanned aircraft to carry out the following acts:

(1) illegally shooting military installations, military industrial facilities or other secret-related places

(2) to disrupt the work order of government organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions or in public places

(3) obstructing functionaries of state organs from performing their duties in accordance with the law

(4) to release publicity materials or other articles containing contents that violate the provisions of laws and regulations

(5) endangering the safety of public facilities, units or personal property

(6) endanger the lives and health of others, illegally collect information, or infringe upon other personal rights and interests of others

(7) illegally obtaining or divulging state secrets, or illegally providing data and information abroad

(8) other acts prohibited by laws and regulations.

Article 35 Units that use civil unmanned aircraft to engage in surveying and mapping activities may not engage in surveying and mapping activities until they have obtained the surveying and mapping qualification certificate in accordance with the law.

Foreign unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft controlled by foreign personnel shall not carry out flight activities such as surveying and mapping and testing of radio parameters within the territory of China.

Article 36 A model aircraft shall fly within the airspace designated by the air traffic control agency for the aviation flight camp, unless otherwise stipulated by the national air traffic management leading agency.

Chapter IV Supervision and Management and Emergency response

Article 37 the national leading body for air traffic management shall organize relevant departments and units to publish to the public the examination and approval items, application processing procedures, acceptance units, contact information and report acceptance methods and other information on the integrated comprehensive supervision and service platform for unmanned aerial vehicles, and update them in a timely manner.

Article 38 any unit or individual that discovers any violation of the provisions of these regulations may report to the air traffic control agency, the civil aviation administrative department or the local public security organ. The department or unit that receives the report shall deal with it in a timely manner in accordance with the law; if it does not belong to its own department or unit, it shall promptly transfer it to the department or unit that has the right to handle it.

Article 39 Air traffic control agencies, civil aviation administrative departments and public security organs at or above the county level shall formulate emergency plans for the management of flight safety of unmanned aircraft and conduct regular drills to improve their emergency handling capacity.

The local people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the safety emergency management of unmanned aircraft into the emergency management system and improve the emergency handling mechanism of information exchange and cooperation.

Designers and producers of unmanned aircraft systems shall ensure that unmanned aircraft have emergency handling functions such as emergency avoidance and landing, so as to avoid or reduce damage to life and property in the event of accidents.

Units or individuals using unmanned aerial vehicles shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, formulate a pre-plan for handling flight emergencies, implement risk prevention measures, and eliminate hidden safety dangers in a timely manner.

Article 40 in the event of an abnormal flight of an unmanned aircraft, the unit or individual organizing flight activities shall promptly dispose of it and obey the instructions of the air traffic control agency; if there are flight safety problems, the unit or individual organizing flight activities shall also report the relevant situation to the air traffic control agency within 24 hours after the landing of the unmanned aircraft.

Article 41 with regard to the unknown situation in the air and the illegal flight of the unmanned aircraft, the public security organ may, when the conditions are favorable, dispose of the low-altitude target in advance and be responsible for the on-site disposal of the illegal flying unmanned aircraft after landing. Relevant military organs, public security organs, state security organs and other units shall organize verification and disposal in accordance with the division of duties, and civil aviation administration and other relevant departments shall cooperate.

Article 42 where an unmanned aircraft violates flight management regulations, disturbs public order or endangers public safety, air traffic control agencies, civil aviation administrative departments and public security organs may, in accordance with the law, take emergency measures such as necessary technical prevention and control, seizure of relevant articles, ordering to stop flying, sealing up places of illegal activities, and so on.

Article 43 the army, the police and the high-risk anti-terrorism key target management units authorized by the public security organs in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national leading body for anti-terrorism work may be equipped with unmanned aircraft countermeasures equipment in accordance with the law. the installation and use shall be strictly controlled under the guidance and supervision of public security organs or relevant military organs.

Measures for the administration of the equipment, installation, use and authorization of unmanned aerial vehicles shall be formulated by the industrial and information technology, public security, national security and market supervision and administration departments of the State Council in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council and relevant military organs.

No unit or individual may illegally own or use unmanned aircraft countermeasures equipment.

Chapter V legal liability

Article 44 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, engages in the design, production, import, flight and maintenance of a medium or large civil unmanned aircraft system and fails to obtain an airworthiness permit in accordance with the law shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to stop the relevant activities, confiscate the illegal income, and concurrently impose a fine of not less than one time and not more than five times the cargo value of the unmanned aircraft system; if the circumstances are serious, he shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

Article 45 if, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, the producer of a civil unmanned aircraft system fails to set up a unique product identification number for his unmanned aircraft in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of industry and information technology under the State Council, the competent department of industry and information technology of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, confiscate the illegal gains and impose a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 300000 yuan; if it refuses to make corrections, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification.

Article 46 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, makes major design changes to a civil unmanned aircraft system that has obtained an airworthiness permit and fails to re-apply for an airworthiness permit and use it in flight activities, shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the cargo value of the unmanned aircraft system.

In violation of the provisions of these regulations, changing the ex-factory performance and parameters of mini, light, and small civil unmanned aircraft systems, such as airspace retention capacity, reliable ability to be monitored, speed or altitude, if it fails to update the performance and parameter information on the integrated supervision service platform for unmanned aircraft in time, it shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to make corrections; if it refuses to make corrections, a fine of not less than 2000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Article 47 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, carries out flight activities by a civil unmanned aircraft without real name registration shall be ordered by the public security organ to make corrections and may be fined not more than 200yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 2000 yuan and not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed.

If, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, a civil unmanned aircraft involved in overseas flight fails to register its nationality in accordance with the law, the civil aviation administrative department shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100000 yuan.

Article 48 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, fails to take out liability insurance for a civil unmanned aircraft in accordance with the law shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 2000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, order the unit engaged in flight activities to suspend business for rectification or even revoke its operation certificate.

Article 49 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, carries out flight activities without obtaining the operation certificate or violating the requirements of the operation certificate shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or even revoke its operation certificate.

Article 50 where a person with no capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity controls the flight of a civil unmanned aircraft in violation of the provisions of these regulations, the public security organ shall impose a fine of not less than 500yuan and not more than 5000 yuan on his guardian; if the circumstances are serious, the unmanned aircraft carrying out illegal flight shall be confiscated.

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, fails to obtain an operator's license to control the flight of a civil unmanned aircraft shall be fined not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan by the civil aviation administrative department; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan and not more than 100000 yuan shall be imposed.

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, controls the flight of a civil unmanned aircraft beyond the scope specified in the operator's license, the civil aviation administrative department shall impose a fine of not less than 2000 yuan and not more than 20,000 yuan, and temporarily withhold the operator's license for 6 to 12 months; if the circumstances are serious, his operator's license shall be revoked and the application for his operator's license shall not be accepted within 2 years.

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, engages in conventional agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles without obtaining an operation certificate shall be ordered by the competent agricultural and rural department of the local people's government at or above the county level to stop the operation and impose a fine of not less than 1000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan.

Article 51 any unit or individual organizing flight activities that violates the provisions of articles 32 or 33 of these regulations shall be ordered by the civil aviation administrative department to make corrections and may be fined not more than 10,000 yuan; if he refuses to make corrections, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed, and the operation certificate and operator's license shall be temporarily withheld for one to three months. If the circumstances are serious, the air traffic control agency shall order the suspension of flight for 6 to 12 months, and the civil aviation administrative department shall impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 100000 yuan, and may revoke the corresponding license certificate, and the corresponding permit application shall not be accepted within 2 years.

Whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, controls a miniature, light or small civil unmanned aircraft to fly in the controlled airspace, or controls a model aircraft to fly outside the airspace designated by the air traffic control agency, shall be ordered by the public security organ to stop flying and may be fined not more than 500yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the unmanned aircraft carrying out illegal flight shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than 1000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan shall be imposed.

Article 52 whoever illegally owns or uses unmanned aircraft countermeasures equipment in violation of the provisions of these regulations shall be confiscated by the radio administrative agency and the public security organ in accordance with the division of duties, and may be fined not more than 50,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan and not more than 200000 yuan shall be imposed.

Article 53 if, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, foreign unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft controlled by foreign personnel carry out surveying and mapping flight activities within the territory of China, the competent department of surveying and mapping geographic information of the people's government at or above the county level shall order it to stop the illegal act, confiscate the illegal gains, surveying and mapping achievements and unmanned aircraft that carry out illegal flight, and impose a fine of not less than 100000 yuan and not more than 500000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 500000 yuan and not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed concurrently, and the public security organ and the state security organ shall, in accordance with the division of duties, decide whether to leave the country within a time limit or be expelled.

Article 54 whoever produces, modifies, assembles, assembles, sells or recalls mini, light or small civil unmanned aircraft systems in violation of relevant laws and regulations such as product quality or standardization management, shall be punished by the market supervision and administration department of the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the law.

Except where there is no need to obtain a license for the use of radio frequencies and a license for radio stations in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of these regulations, the production, maintenance and use of civil unmanned aircraft systems, in violation of radio management laws and regulations and relevant state regulations, shall be punished by the radio regulatory agency in accordance with the law.

If the flight activities of unmanned aerial vehicles violate the laws and regulations on the protection of military installations, the provisions of relevant laws and regulations shall be followed.

Article 55 whoever, in violation of the provisions of these regulations, relevant departments, units and their staff abuse their power, neglect their duties, engage in malpractices for personal gain or commit other illegal acts in the management of unmanned aircraft flight and related activities shall be punished in accordance with the law.

Article 56 whoever violates the provisions of these regulations and constitutes a violation of the administration of public security shall be punished by the public security organ according to law; if the violation constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law; if he causes personal, property or other damage, bear civil liability according to law.

Chapter VI Supplementary provisions

Article 57 the implementation of unmanned aircraft flight activities in other airspace under China's jurisdiction shall abide by the relevant provisions of these regulations.

These regulations shall not apply to the indoor flight of unmanned aircraft.

The relevant provisions of these regulations shall apply to flying toys with self-provided power systems, and the specific measures shall be formulated by the competent department of industry and information technology under the State Council and the relevant air traffic control agencies in conjunction with the competent departments of public security and civil aviation under the State Council.

Article 58 where there are no provisions in these regulations on the flight of unmanned aircraft and related activities, the Civil Aviation Law of the people's Republic of China, the basic rules of the people's Republic of China on Flight, the regulations on General Aviation Flight Control and relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply.

Article 59 where there are other provisions of the State Council and the Central military Commission on the administration of military unmanned aerial vehicles, such provisions shall apply.

The measures for the administration of airworthiness, registration and operators of unmanned aircraft under the jurisdiction of the police, customs and emergency management departments shall be formulated separately by the relevant departments under the State Council.

Article 60 measures for the administration of the classification, production, registration, operators, aviation flight camps and other matters of model aircraft shall be formulated separately by the competent department of sports under the State Council in conjunction with the relevant air traffic control agencies, the competent departments of industry and information technology, public security and civil aviation under the State Council.

Article 61 where civil unmanned aircraft produced before the implementation of these regulations are unable to automatically submit identification information to the integrated supervision and service platform for unmanned aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State, the implementation of flight activities shall submit an application for flight activities to the air traffic control agency in accordance with the provisions of these regulations and shall fly only after approval.

Article 62 the meanings of the following terms in these regulations:

(1) Air traffic management agencies refer to the institutions in charge of air traffic management in the relevant areas of responsibility within the military and civil aviation administrative departments.

(2) the term "mini unmanned aircraft" means that the weight of the empty aircraft is less than 0.25 kg, the maximum flight height is not more than 50 meters, the maximum horizontal flight speed is not more than 40 kilometers per hour, and the radio transmitting equipment meets the technical requirements of micro-power and short distance. the whole process can be manually operated at any time.

(3) Light unmanned aircraft refers to the unmanned aircraft whose empty weight does not exceed 4 kg, the maximum take-off weight does not exceed 7 kg, and the maximum flat flight speed does not exceed 100 km / h, which meets the airspace management requirements and has the ability to maintain airspace and be reliably monitored, and the whole process can be manually operated at any time, but does not include miniature unmanned aircraft.

(4) A small unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with an empty weight of not more than 15 kg and a maximum takeoff weight of not more than 25 kg, which meets the requirements of airspace management and has the ability to maintain airspace and be reliably monitored, the whole process can be manually operated by unmanned aircraft at any time, but does not include miniature or light unmanned aircraft.

(5) the term "medium-sized unmanned aircraft" refers to an unmanned aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of not more than 150 kg, excluding miniature, light and small unmanned aircraft.

(6) A large unmanned aircraft refers to an unmanned aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of more than 150 kg.

(7) the system of unmanned aircraft refers to the system composed of unmanned aircraft and its related remote control stations (stations), mission loads and control links. Among them, the remote control console (station) refers to the whole of all kinds of control equipment (means) and related systems for remote control of unmanned aircraft.

(8) Agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles refer to unmanned aerial vehicles with a maximum flight height of no more than 30 meters, a maximum flat flight speed of no more than 50 km / h, a maximum flight radius of no more than 2000 meters, and the ability to maintain airspace and be reliably monitored, it is specially used for plant protection, sowing, feeding and other agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing operations, and can be manually operated at any time.

(9) isolated flight refers to the flight of unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft in the same airspace at the same time.

(10) Fusion flight refers to the flight of unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft in the same airspace at the same time.

(11) distributed operation refers to the mode in which the operation of the unmanned aerial vehicle system is divided into multiple sub-services and deployed in multiple sites or terminals for cooperative operation.

(12) Cluster refers to the use of the same system or platform with the control capability of multiple unmanned aircraft, which is characterized by the interconnection and cooperative processing of the control data of each unmanned aircraft in order to handle the same task, the operation mode of unmanned aircraft in which multiple unmanned aircraft are operated in parallel in a relatively physically centralized manner at the same time.

(13) A model aircraft, also known as an aviation model, refers to an unmanned aircraft that is limited in size and weight, cannot carry people, and does not have the functions of altitude and position maintenance, including free flight, line-by-line control, manual uninterrupted remote control within direct visual distance, manual uninterrupted remote control with the help of the first visual angle, etc.

(14) the counter-control equipment of unmanned aircraft refers to the equipment specially used to prevent and control the illegal flight of unmanned aircraft and has the functions of interference, interception and control, capture, destruction and so on.

(15) airspace retention capability refers to the ability to control the height and horizontal range of unmanned aircraft through technical measures such as electronic fences.

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