Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Follow up the previous article: the ups and downs of the mobile operating system (part I)

2007 is a year of historic turning point in the mobile phone market.

On January 9 of this year, Steve Jobs officially unveiled the first generation of iPhone at Macworld 2007.

The advent of iPhone, which changed the history of human science and technology, is a very shocking event. It announces the full arrival of the touch-screen smartphone era and marks a reshuffle in the mobile phone market.

When iPhone OS/iOS first developed iPhone, Apple didn't specifically name iPhone's operating system.

They claim that iPhone runs a mobile version of Mac OS X, a system built into Apple's Mac computer, called iPhone runs OS X, which means "Mac OS X that can run on iPhone."

Both Mac OS X and iPhone runs OS X actually come from NeXTSTEP.

Jobs founded NeXT in 1985 after he was kicked out of Apple.

At the time, the company based on Mach (an operating system kernel developed by Cameron) and BSD (Berkeley's operating system based on Unix), added a graphical interface in Objective-C as the native language, and launched a new system called NEXTSTEP (released in 1989).

Jobs returned to Apple in 1996. In February 1997, Apple bought the NeXTSTEP, which became the basis of the later Mac OS X.

In March 2008, iPhone finally got its own name, iPhone OS.

Also in 2008, Apple launched the App Store.

There should be no need for me to say more about the meaning of App Store. It allows third parties to develop App applications and share the dividends of smartphone development. More importantly, it has spawned a prosperous Apple App ecosystem, making phones more playable and practical.

In June 2010, Apple announced on WWDC that it would officially change the name of iPhone OS to iOS (because iPad and iPod touch also use iPhone OS). The name is still in use today.

It is worth mentioning that IOS used to be the operating system trademark of Cisco. In order to avoid infringement, Apple specifically went to Cisco for authorization (I don't know if it paid for it or not).

The success of iOS is beyond doubt. At the end of 2011, iOS had a 60% market share. Later, iOS's market share fell because of the rise of another operating system.

In 2019, Apple separated the iPadOS from the iOS, and the iPod Touch was discontinued, so the iOS actually became an OS for iPhone.

According to the latest statistics (from Statcounter) in April 2023, iOS's smartphone operating system has a market share of 30.61%.

I just mentioned the rise of another operating system. Who does this operating system refer to? Everyone should have guessed it. It's Android.

The creator of Android Android is Andy Rubin (also translated as Andrew E. Rubin).

Andy Rubin was born in New York in 1963. From 1989 to 1992, he worked at Apple as a manufacturing engineer.

During this period, because of his love of robots, he was nicknamed "Android" by his colleagues (the same initials as Andy).

The earliest origin of the word Android is the science fiction novel Future Eve published by French writer Lear Adam in 1886. In the novel, the author names a machine that looks like a human being Android. What we usually call a robot is called robot. )

Since leaving Apple, Andy Rubin has worked for a number of companies, working on mobile devices. In 1999, Rubin co-founded a mobile device company, Danger Inc.

In October 2003, Andy Rubin teamed up with Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White to form a new software company in Silicon Valley, California. The name of this company is Android Inc.

Andy Rubin revealed in a later speech that Android was originally developed to improve the operating system of digital cameras. But because of the shrinking market for digital cameras, they decided to use Android for mobile operating systems.

In 2005, when Android was struggling, Andy Rubin wrote to Google founder Larry Page (Larry Page) to seek investment. A few weeks later, in July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. The company.

After the acquisition, the Android system was developed by Google. Andy Rubin, on the other hand, became Google's vice president of engineering and continued to be responsible for the research and development of the Android project.

On November 5, 2007, Google officially showed the Android operating system to the outside world.

The logo of the system, created by designer Irina Blok, looks like a combination of a robot and a green bug.

The only instruction the client gave her was to make the logo look like a robot, Bullock recalls. My main design inspiration comes from the logos of men and women in the bathroom.

On the same day that Android was released, Google announced that it had joined more than 30 companies, including Motorola, Qualcomm, HTC and T-Mobile, to form a global open mobile phone alliance (Open Handset Alliance) to promote the popularity of Android.

In September 2008, Android 1.0 system was officially born. Soon after, the first phone with Android 1.0 appeared, which was the G1 of American carrier T-Mobile.

The later story of T-Mobile G1 (HTC Dream) should be familiar to all of you. The operating system is growing at an alarming rate, and its market share will have reached 70% by 2018.

The version number naming of Android is also very characteristic. Since version 1.5, each version has been named after food, and the first letters are in strict alphabetical order:

The habit has not changed since the Android 10 version of Google's downstairs filled with mascots. Currently, the latest version of Android is 14.

The success of Android is closely related to its open source ecology. Android is an open source system, any developer can redevelop the system through the published Android source code, let alone develop App applications.

In this way, it not only lowers the development threshold of App, but also shortens the development cycle, which is beneficial to developers' profits.

For mobile phone manufacturers, they can devote more energy to the polishing of the system and improve the user experience.

We are familiar with Xiaomi, Meizu, vivo, OPPO and other mobile phone manufacturers, their operating systems are basically based on the deep customization of Android.

At this point, I'd like to add a follow-up to Andy Rubin.

Andy Rubin left Google on October 29, 2014. According to the New York Times, he was fired from the company for having an affair with the company and forcing the other party to engage in indescribable behavior in the hotel. When he left, Google also gave him a "severance compensation" of $90 million.

At the end of the gossip, let's move on.

The strong rise of iOS and Android exceeded everyone's expectations. In just a few years, these two systems have become the mainstream of the market, occupying the vast majority of the market share.

And several other systems, which were very popular before, can only usher in the fate of failure.

Saipan first took a look at the former overlord-Saipan.

After the emergence of touch-screen smartphones, Nokia collapsed rapidly. Symbian's market share has also plummeted.

In December 2008, Nokia bought Symbian for $410 million and transferred Symbian to the Symbian Foundation.

On December 21, 2011, Nokia officially announced that it would abandon the Symbian brand. Six months later, on May 27, 2012, Nokia completely abandoned the development of Symbian.

On January 24, 2013, Nokia finally announced that it would no longer release Symbian phones and completely switch to Microsoft WP. This means that Saipan has completely retired from the stage of history.

Windows Phone (WP) Microsoft WP is also having a hard time.

In February 2010, Microsoft officially showed the Windows Phone operating system to the outside world. In October of the same year, the first version of the system, Windows Phone 7 (WP7 for short), was officially released.

The birth of Windows Phone announced the end of Windows Mobile. Microsoft completely abandoned the interface of Windows Mobile5 and 6X, and basically redid the code and vision of the whole system. WP7 programs are also incompatible with previous WM systems.

The Lumia800 phone with WP7 is still amazing. On June 21, 2012, Microsoft released Windows Phone 8.

WP8 abandoned the WinCE kernel and used the same NT kernel as Windows 8. This system is the first WP version to support dual-core CPU, announcing that WP has entered the dual-core era, as well as the withdrawal of WP7 from history. This practice has been severely criticized by WP7 users.

In 2017, WP's market share was only 0.1 per cent. In 2018, Microsoft CEO Nadella announced that Microsoft's mobile strategy had failed.

In 2019, Windows 10 Mobile stopped updating.

Plam OS, look at palm OS.

Before 2007, palm OS was already very weak.

In 2009, palm OS was renamed webOS. In 2010, HP bought the Palm,HP brand for $1.2 billion to replace Palm,webOS as one of HP's PDA operating systems.

In 2013, LG bought HP's webOS and used it on LG smart TVs.

In 2014, Hewlett-Packard sold the palm brand to Chinese company TCL.

Selling and selling, palm and webOS have basically been forgotten.

After the rise of BlackBerry OS Android and Apple, Nokia was quickly wiped out, but BlackBerry is still on the brink.

As a result, I didn't carry it for long. In 2011, RIM began a layoff frenzy. In 2013, RIM launched the BlackBerry 10 operating system, and the company directly changed its name to BlackBerry Limited (BlackBerry).

In 2015, BlackBerry abandoned the BlackBerry 10 operating system and switched to Android.

In 2016, BlackBerry completely stopped product research and development and did brand licensing, including TCL of China, Optiemus of India, BB Merah Putih of Indonesia and other companies.

In February 2020, TCL announced that it would stop producing BlackBerrys. BlackBerry, also thoroughly "box".

In addition to Android, iOS, WP, Symbian, palm OS, BlackBerry OS, there have been some systems in the industry, but they are basically short-lived.

For example, Samsung's BADA OS.

Bada OSbada OS is a self-developed operating system developed by Samsung for the smartphone market, which is also based on the core of Linux. Bada means "ocean" in Korean.

Like Android and iOS, bada has its own app store. However, due to a variety of reasons (lack of experience, lack of ecology), the market reaction of bada was very mediocre and was quickly replaced.

In 2012, Samsung was forced to merge bada into Tizen. In 2013, the development of the bada system was terminated and Samsung fully moved to the embrace of Android.

It is timely for Samsung to give up. He not only defeated Nokia, but also killed HTC, making him the world's largest maker of Android phones.

I was talking about Tizen.

Tizen is an open source mobile operating system jointly developed by Samsung and Intel in September 2011. After the failure of the mobile phone market, it was switched to smart TVs and smartwatches by Samsung, and found a way out.

In addition to Tizen, Intel also worked with Nokia on the aforementioned MeeGo system.

MeeGo is actually a very good system, which was once regarded as a lifesaver by Nokia fans. However, at the critical moment, Nokia abandoned Meego and turned to Microsoft's WP. And then, there is no such thing.

Hongmeng OS another system worth mentioning is our China Huawei Harmony OS, that is, Hongmeng OS.

Harmony OS R & D started in 2012, and Ren Zhengfei took a long-term view and laid out as soon as possible.

The story about it, the next time Xiao Zaojun talks about the domestic operating system, let's talk about it.

█ conclusion, the above is the whole history of mobile device operating system.

Today, iOS and Android are in the limelight, just like Symbian in those days.

When the big waves are panning for sand, they will see the gold, and the wind and clouds will sing the sound of the jade dragon. Where is the new dark horse of the mobile operating system? What kind of subversion and innovation will there be in the future mobile phone system?

Let's wait and see what happens.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: fresh Jujube classroom (ID:xzclasscom), author: Xiaozaojun

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.