Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizens Wu Yanzu in South China for the delivery of clues! CTOnews.com May 20 news, June 8, 1978, Intel released a 16-bit microprocessor "8086", but also ushered in a new era-x86 architecture.

Later, Intel CPU upgraded to 32-bit, and AMD took the lead in introducing a new generation of 64-bit sets to expand, known as AMD64, and Intel later introduced a compatible processor named intel 64, which is collectively referred to as x86-64 or amd64.

The Intel 64 architecture has been around for more than 20 years, and with Microsoft abandoning the 32-bit version altogether, Intel's firmware no longer supports non-UEFI64 operating systems natively, but they do have some form of legacy support to run 32-bit applications when needed.

However, with the development of the times, Intel has now proposed a new architecture, officially called x86S, which is equivalent to a new 64-bit architecture, eliminating all previous legacy support.

As far as CTOnews.com knows, the original Intel 64 architecture design was reset in the same state as the original 8086, requiring a series of transcoding to enter 64-bit mode, but these patterns are generally not used in modern applications or operating systems.

The new pure 64-bit mode can run the 64-bit equivalent technology in the current real mode or protected mode. For example:

CPU (SIPI) starts in real address mode, but requires a 64-bit alternative; while directly in the 64-bit reset state, you can bypass multiple springboard code stages and enter the 64-bit operation state directly.

Using a level 5 page table requires disabling the paging mechanism, which requires a return to the traditional mode of non-paging. In the proposed new architecture, we can switch to a level 5 page table without exiting paging mode.

These modifications can be achieved through simple enhancements to the system architecture, affecting only the operating system. So at this point, you may wonder: what are the benefits of a pure 64-bit architecture?

Simply put, the pure 64-bit architecture removes some of the older architectural attachments, thereby reducing the overall complexity of the software and hardware architecture. By exploring the pure 64-bit mode architecture, we can make other changes that are in line with modern software deployment. These include:

A simplified 64-bit segmentation model is used to provide segmentation support for 32-bit applications, matching those already used by modern operating systems.

Remove ring 1 and ring 2 (not used by modern software) and outdated features such as gate.

Remove 16-bit addressing support.

Remove support for ring 3 I / O port access.

Delete string port I / O. This support is based on the outdated CPU-driven I / O model.

Restrict the use of X2APIC by the local interrupt controller (APIC) and remove the traditional 8259 support.

Remove some unused operating system mode bits.

For older operating systems, running traditional 64-bit operating systems on a pure 64-bit mode architecture CPU is not the clear goal of Intel's work, but the virtualization products of Intel's software ecosystem are mature enough that virtualization-based software solutions can use virtualization hardware (VMX) to provide solutions to simulate the functions needed to boot "legacy operating systems."

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