Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Original title: "Local flavor" Shandong, Invisible Champion

In the era of great power competition, the "sticking neck" technology focuses on the hard science and technology field with "high investment, high risk and long return cycle". As a typical "A4 paper industry", hard science and technology depends on the patient support of national policies, governments at all levels and people of insight.

Every year, local governments at all levels announce "key projects of the year", which also gives us a glimpse of local support for hard science and technology. In the past, the regulars in the spotlight were southern provinces and star cities. This time, let's turn our eyes to the north.

Li Tuo, author

Among the "four provinces" of "striking iron, digging coal, growing grain and growing vegetables", Shandong and Henan are at the top of the list, looking at the whole country. They are also the economic twin stars of northern China: in 2022, the top 10 provincial administrative regions of local GDP in China, only Shandong and Henan two northern provinces were shortlisted.

In 2022, Shandong ranked third in the country with a total GDP of 8.74351 trillion yuan. Henan ranks fifth in the country with a total GDP of 6.134505 trillion yuan [2] [3]. The total resident population of the two provinces is similar (101.6279 million in Shandong and 98.72 million in Henan). The proportion of the three industries is similar (Shandong 7.240, Henan 9.5, 41.5, 49, nationwide, 7.3), regional economic echelon distribution, provincial capital first degree is not high.

What are the hard science and technology projects of these two key cities in the northern province of GDP in 2023? This issue of "Urban hard Science and Technology", focus on Shandong Province.

Shandong Province is the northern coastal province with the largest economic scale in China, and it is also a major agricultural province. The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishing ranks first in the country for a long time. The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in 2020 was 1.01906 trillion yuan, becoming the first province in the country with an agricultural output value of more than one trillion yuan [5], rising to 1.21307 trillion yuan [6] in 2022. The net stem of "Jinan, Shandong, Qingdao, China, Weifang, Universe, Zibo" also reflects the "local flavor" index in the minds of netizens all over the country. In fact, Shandong's industrial structure, per capita GDP level, population growth rate, age structure and so on are relatively consistent with the national level [7], not so "native".

Take hard science and technology as an example. Shandong is the only province in China with all 41 industrial categories classified by the United Nations [8]. Among the seven batches of 1200 manufacturing champion enterprises (products) announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Shandong Province has a total of 188, only 1 less than the first Zhejiang Province. Six of the Top 20 cities are from Shandong, namely Qingdao, Zibo, Weifang, Jinan, Yantai and Taian [9]. Investment in Shandong's high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 39.4%, and the added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 14.4% over the previous year. Among them, the growth rate of added value of new energy and new materials related industries, such as lithium-ion battery manufacturing, integrated circuit manufacturing and electronic special materials manufacturing, was 86.9%, 38.6% and 60.7% respectively [6]. In 2022, the total GDP of the province was 8.74351 trillion yuan, ranking third in the country after Guangdong and Jiangsu.

This paper selects Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, and Qingdao, the eastern coastal city, as samples, based on official public information, combs and analyzes the general situation and background factors of hard science and technology projects in the two cities in 2023.

Jinan is the capital city of Shandong Province and a vice-provincial city. Jinan is currently fighting for the last "national central city" (Nanjing, Hangzhou, Changsha, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Qingdao, Jinan, Shenyang, Nanchang, etc.). Jinan now has jurisdiction over 10 districts and 2 counties, of which 4 districts have merged Zhangqiu City, Jiyang County and Laiwu City from 2016 to 2019. The GDP of Jinan in 2022 was 1.20275 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.1% [10], which was lower than the 3.9% growth rate of the whole province [6]. The economic priority of Jinan (the provincial capital city GDP accounted for the proportion of the whole province) was not high, and Jinan ranked last in the ranking of provincial capital cities of 27 provinces in 2022. According to the China Securities Investment Fund Association, by May 2023, there were 151 private equity / venture capital fund managers registered in Jinan, managing a total of 511 funds.

Jinan designated 2023 as the "Project Breakthrough year". According to the arrangement of Municipal key projects in 2023, Jinan has 557 key projects at the municipal level in 2023, including 305 key projects (189 industrial projects, 67 infrastructure projects, 49 social and livelihood security projects) and 252 key preparatory projects (157 industrial projects, 55 infrastructure projects and 40 social livelihood security projects) [11]. According to the classification of fruit shell hard technology (ID:guokr233), there are 46 hard science and technology projects and 22 open industrial parks related to hard science and technology in Jinan in 2023. The proportion of hard science and technology projects and park merger is about 12% of the annual key projects.

Now let's look at the distribution areas of 46 hard science and technology projects and 22 parks in Jinan:

Jinan hard science and technology key projects and parks in 2023, source: Jinan Municipal people's Government [11], tabulation: fruit shell hard technology automobile industry is a concentrated embodiment of a country's high-end manufacturing capability. in recent years, the rapid development of new energy vehicles / smart vehicles has become a key element of reshuffling automobile enterprises and regional economy. The new energy vehicle industry chain covers the upstream link (such as mineral materials, automotive chips, peripheral parts manufacturing), the middle link (such as energy supply, electrical system) and the downstream link (vehicle manufacturing).

The automobile industry in Jinan began in the 1960s, and at the beginning of this century, an industrial chain system based on heavy trucks, special-purpose vehicles and auto parts was formed. On the basis of existing enterprises such as Sinotruk and Shandong Haochi, Jinan has introduced new energy vehicle projects such as BYD and Geely in recent years. In the districts and counties under its jurisdiction, the new energy passenger vehicle project mainly landed in Jinan High-tech Zone, and the new energy heavy truck project mainly landed in Zhangqiu District.

Jinan attaches great importance to the transformation opportunities brought by new energy vehicles. In the 14th five-year Energy Development Plan of Jinan City issued in March 2022, it is proposed that "by 2025, the construction of an internationally renowned and domestic leading new energy vehicle industry base". And plans to "focus on Jinan High-tech Zone, Laiwu District, Gangcheng District, Zhangqiu District, Jinan New and Old Kinetic Energy conversion starting area, gather new energy vehicle R & D and production enterprises and key parts and components" [13] In June 2022, in the Jinan Action Plan for supporting the High-quality Development and Promotion of New Energy vehicle Industry (2022-2025) (draft for soliciting opinions), it was proposed that by the end of 2023, gather more than 3 new energy vehicle backbone enterprises and about 10 key parts industry backbone enterprises to initially form a new energy vehicle industry chain ecological circle with domestic influence. By the end of 2025, there will be more than 5 backbone enterprises of new energy vehicles (no less than 2 complete vehicle enterprises with world brand effect). [14]

In 2023, Jinan listed 8 key projects in the automobile industry, including vehicle and spare parts projects of BYD, Geely, Warman and other companies.

Jinan Municipal people's Government [11] Green economy hydrogen energy and new energy storage are also key industries invested by various localities in recent years. Shandong is also very active. According to the medium-and long-term Development Plan of Shandong Province hydrogen Energy Industry (2020-2030), which was issued in June 2020, Shandong Province's annual industrial by-product hydrogen production is 2.6 million tons, ranking first in the country, and plans for 2023-2025. The total output value of the hydrogen energy industry exceeded 100 billion yuan. [15]

Tuyuan, "medium-and long-term Development Plan of hydrogen Energy Industry in Shandong Province (2020-2030)" [15] the aforementioned planning focuses on tilting the hydrogen fuel cell engine manufacturing base to Weifang, the hydrogen fuel cell key materials and core components industry base in Zibo, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle R & D and manufacturing base in Liaocheng, the hydrogen production storage and transportation equipment industry base in Jining, and Jinan focusing on building "China hydrogen Valley". In 2023, Jinan key projects include a hydrogen energy project and a hydrogen energy open industrial park.

Energy storage. The energy development plan of Jinan City in the 14th five-year Plan has made clear plans for the research, system design, equipment and projects of different energy storage technologies. Among the 11 new energy projects in Jinan in 2023, there are 8 energy storage projects.

The list of green economy projects in the key projects of Jinan in 2023, source: Jinan Municipal people's Government [11] Bio-economy includes biomedicine, medical devices, bio-based materials based on synthetic biology and other sub-fields.

At present, among the public documents available in Jinan, "biological manufacturing" was mentioned in the "opinions of Jinan Municipal people's Government on accelerating the development of new and superior industrial industries" as early as 2008. However, the concept of "biological manufacturing" or "agricultural biological products" at that time was different from the current concept of biological economy. By the year 2010, "biological manufacturing" (mainly referring to Freda hyaluronic acid business) in Jinan's National innovative Urban Development Plan (2010-2015) has the meaning of "synthetic biology" today [17] It is worth mentioning that "biological manufacturing" [18] was not mentioned in Jinan's "14th five-year Plan" in 2022, but "Hyaluronic Acid and Biomaterials Industry Community" was specifically mentioned in Jinan's "2023 Government work report". Including Qilu Pharmaceutical ultra-large-scale preparation technology industrialization project, Shengquan Group's 100000 tons bio-based hard carbon anode material project [19], is also the city's key projects in 2023.

In 2023, there are 11 bio-economic projects and 8 industrial parks in Jinan, involving the subdivided fields of API, biological preparation production, medical devices, synthetic biology and so on.

According to the list of bio-economic projects in Jinan key projects in 2023, it is worth mentioning that although there are no biological fermentation projects in Jinan key projects this year, Shandong occupies an absolute leading position. The output and output value of the whole province's biological fermentation industry account for more than 50% of the country, and the trade volume accounts for 60% of the global trade volume [20]. According to the data of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the total output value of the province's biological fermentation industry is nearly 250 billion yuan, and it has developed into characteristic industrial clusters such as Texas functional sugar, Jinan hyaluronic acid, Weifang starch sugar and citric acid. [21]

Smart manufacturing includes integrated circuits, new materials, advanced manufacturing and upstream and downstream industries.

The manufacturing industry in Jinan can be traced back to the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty. Since the 20th century, the industrial pattern of machinery, automobile, electricity and chemical has been formed. In the era of intelligent manufacturing, the transformation is slow, but it has not stopped. In 2012, the 12th five-year Plan of Science and Technology Development in Jinan first mentioned the concept of intelligent manufacturing represented by CNC lathes and industrial robots [22]. By the end of April 2023, Jinan issued 86 issues of government bulletins related to the theme of "intelligent manufacturing" and 71 policy documents. In June 2022, Jinan issued "opinions on promoting the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry", aiming at IC design "solid chain", manufacturing "complementary chain", closed test "strong chain" and material "extended chain". By 2025, it is planned to cultivate 10 leading enterprises and more than 20 leading enterprises with core competitiveness, forming a 50 billion-class industrial scale. [23]

Among the 12 key intelligent manufacturing projects and 5 industrial parks in Jinan this year, there are 3 chip projects, while the wave of well-known enterprises in the field of intelligent manufacturing in Jinan also has an industrial park project this year.

In addition, the laser industry is also the key development direction of Jinan in recent years. According to official data, there are more than 320 laser enterprises in Jinan, of which 18 are regulated enterprises, with an industrial scale of 15 billion yuan, of which the export scale of laser equipment mainly for laser cutting is 4 billion yuan, ranking first in the country. Jinan High-tech Zone has 70% of the key laser enterprises in the city. The first World Laser Industry Congress was held in Jinan in June 2022, and the second World Laser Industry Congress was held in Jinan at the beginning of May this year.

Among the key projects of intelligent manufacturing in 2023, there are three laser projects and one industrial park, all of which are located in Jinan High-tech Zone.

The list of intelligent manufacturing projects in the key projects of Jinan in 2023, source: the people's Government of Jinan [11] Qingdao is a city separately listed on the national plan and enjoys the economic management authority of a vice-provincial city (at the same level as Jinan). At the same time, it is also an important coastal central city. In Qingdao's 14th five-year Plan, in addition to the construction of a global marine center city. Qingdao and Jinan are both competitors of the last "national central city" in the country. At present, Qingdao has seven municipal districts and three county-level cities in escrow. In 2022, the GDP of Qingdao continues to rank first in the province, reaching 1.492075 trillion yuan [25]. According to the China Securities Investment Fund Association, by May 2023, there were 209 private equity / venture capital fund managers registered in Qingdao, managing a total of 793 funds.

According to the list of key Construction projects in Qingdao in 2023, there are 520 key projects at the municipal level in 2023, with a total investment of 1.38 trillion yuan, including 363 key construction projects and 157 key preparation projects. Sorted out by fruit shell hard science and technology (ID:guokr233), there are 69 hard science and technology projects and 40 hard science and technology industrial parks in the city, accounting for about 21% of the annual key projects.

2023 Qingdao hard Science and Technology key projects and Park, Source (Qingdao Government Affairs Network [26], tabulation (fruit shell hard science and technology)

As Qingdao officially lists the administrative regions corresponding to the project for the whole year, it is helpful for us to count the distribution of hard science and technology in different districts and counties. The following is a list of key hard science and technology projects and park zones in Qingdao in 2023:

The distribution of hard science and technology projects and parks in Qingdao in 2023, source: Qingdao Government Affairs Network [26], tabulation (fruit shell hard science and technology), Qingdao prefers intelligent manufacturing, automobile industry and bio-economic projects. From a regional point of view, the West Coast New area (which is also the ninth national new area in China) pays more attention to intelligent manufacturing, aerospace, that is, the ink area pays more attention to the automobile industry and green economy (new energy vehicles, new energy battery upstream industries), and Jiaozhou pays more attention to medical devices.

Intelligent manufacturing industry is the traditional strength of Qingdao, which is "the foundation of establishing a city and the foundation of a strong city". Although it was proposed in 2007 that "take the lead in forming an industrial structure based on service economy", the urban industrial layout of Qingdao has experienced twists and turns, but it has returned to the track of "manufacturing" in recent years. In the "list of National Advanced Manufacturing clusters" published by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in November 2022, Qingdao has smart home appliance industry cluster and rail transit equipment industry cluster in the list [27]. Today, Qingdao makes half of China's high-speed rail EMU.

In 2023 hard science and technology projects, hard science and technology related intelligent manufacturing projects and industrial park planning are very prominent. In September 2021, the Scientific and technological Innovation Plan of Qingdao during the 14th five-year Plan put forward "key breakthroughs in key technologies such as the third generation semiconductor materials, new display materials and packaging materials" [28] The "High-quality Development Plan of the Manufacturing Industry of Qingdao during the 14th five-year Plan" in October 2021 proposes a "new generation of information technology", including integrated circuits, high-end software, virtual / augmented reality, smart sensors, optical communication chips and devices, etc. it is one of the five first-class industrial clusters that Qingdao wants to build. [29]

Among the five major industrial clusters, Qingdao has a more obvious preference for the resources of integrated circuits and new display industries. In May 2022, Qingdao issued "some policies and measures for Qingdao to accelerate the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry" to attract talents and investment through equity investment, discounted interest loans, subsidies, incentives, subsidies and other economic means to encourage the development of integrated circuits [30] In October 2022, the Integrated Circuit three-year Action Plan and the New display three-year Action Plan were issued respectively [31]. In November of that year, the integrated circuit industrial park covering an area of 10500 mu and the new display industrial park of 14000 mu were officially unveiled [32]. In addition, funds have been set up in conjunction with integrated circuits and new display industrial parks, all of which are invested in key projects.

The new display industry in Qingdao has a strong momentum of development in recent years. In June 2022, the West Coast New area issued the "Fourteenth five-year Plan for the Development of the New Generation Information Technology Industry", which takes the new display terminal products, liquid crystal display modules, laser display and Micro LED new generation display technology as the promotion direction [33]; in 2022, the West Coast New area has a number of intelligent display manufacturers, including BOE, started or put into production. After the full production of JD.com 's Internet of things base in Qingdao, one of the world's 10 new mobile phones is made in Qingdao, and one of the world's five new monitors is made in Qingdao, local media Qingdao Daily wrote in April this year. [34]

There are 21 key intelligent manufacturing projects and 22 key parks in Qingdao in 2023.

Qingdao 2023 intelligent manufacturing hard technology projects and park details, source, Qingdao government network [26], tabulation, fruit shell hard technology, including power chip research and development, third-generation semiconductor chip substrate, CVD artificial diamond, Tianren Weinar, Foxconn high-end chips and other projects; in "accelerating the iterative upgrading of display panel technology and industry", there are BOE, JMEC and other projects this year. These projects are related to power semiconductors, third-generation semiconductors, diamond semiconductors, nano-imprinting and other fields.

Automobile industry is an important industrial growth point in Qingdao at present.

In the late 1960s, Qingdao Automobile Factory took off the first batch of "Qingdao 69" cars; in the 1990s, Qingdao Automobile Factory was merged into FAW Group and became FAW Liberation Qingdao Company. In 2015, there were 20 auto companies in Qingdao, including FAW, SAIC, GM Wuling and Sinotruk, and 188 auto parts enterprises above scale. The whole vehicle products were mainly commercial in the early stage and turned to passenger cars in the later stage. At present, emphasis is placed on promoting new energy, smart cars and high-end models. [35]

In the era of new energy vehicles, Qingdao is catching up rapidly. by 2020, Qingdao has built 1/10 of the country's new energy vehicles, and the automobile industry has contributed 45% to Qingdao's industrial growth [36]. According to the 14th five-year Development Plan of Qingdao Automobile Industry announced in October 2021, at that time, the city had pure electric new energy vehicle enterprises such as FAW Jiefang, FAW-Volkswagen, SAIC General Wuling, BAIC New Energy, High-tech Automobile and so on. By April 2023, Qingdao has 8 vehicle production enterprises, 32 refitted vehicle production enterprises and more than 900 auto parts production enterprises. [38]

Qingdao automobile industry chain and park are concentrated in Jimo District, Laixi District and West Coast New area. Among them, Qingdao International Automobile City, which is located in the north of Jimo District and south of Laixi City, covers an area of more than 200 square kilometers, which is the core area of the development of Qingdao automobile industry. [37]

Among the key construction projects in Qingdao in 2023, there are 12 automobile projects and 5 automobile industrial parks. These projects or parks continue the previous strategy of pure electricity, hydrogen energy and smart car products, in which Jimo District and Laixi District are dominated by spare parts, while the West Coast New area is dominated by R & D and vehicle manufacturing.

Qingdao 2023 automotive hard science and technology projects and park details, source: Qingdao government network [26], tabulation, fruit shell hard science and technology green economy Qingdao's external dependence on coal, oil, natural gas and other primary energy is more than 95%, and the proportion of external network power supply is more than 60% in 2020 [38]. In the face of issues such as "energy constraints", "energy tools", "energy supply" and "energy structure", the official anxiety is beyond expression. Therefore, at present and for some time in the future, the development of hard science and technology projects based on new energy is the hard demand of Qingdao.

Qingdao has 17 green economy projects (including parks) in 2023, and the specific technical route echoes the wind, light and hydrogen energy utilization plan of the "Qingdao three-year Action Plan for deepening the conversion of New and Old Kinetic Energy to promote Green low-carbon and High-quality Development (2023-2025)" issued by the city in December 2022, covering hydrogen fuel, upstream (negative) materials of new energy, offshore wind power, offshore photovoltaic and other areas. [39]

Qingdao 2023 Green economy hard Science and Technology projects and Park details, source: Qingdao Government Affairs Network [26], tabulated fruit shell hard science and technology, including 5 photovoltaic projects and 8 anode materials or precursors.

Biological economy the major cities of China's biological economy are Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Related companies in Qingdao include CXO Haihua Biology, marine drug manufacturer CP Pharmaceuticals (Qingdao), Haida Biology, and medical cold chain equipment merchant Haier Biology. these important head companies are the extension of Qingdao Ocean City and Home Appliance City.

The biomedical industry is one of the areas of "strengthening the layout of key technologies" in the 14th five-year Plan of Science and Technology Innovation in Qingdao in September 2021, focusing on subdivided areas such as biological manufacturing, medical devices, innovative drugs, vaccines and genetic testing [40]. In addition, at the beginning of April this year, the city also issued "several policies for the Development of Qingdao Biopharmaceutical and Medical device Industrial Park". It is planned that within three years, the city will contribute 100 million yuan annually to the construction of the park, giving a maximum of 20 million yuan to projects in related fields and high-quality projects, and up to 5 million subsidies for the construction of specialized factory buildings, with special emphasis on and attention to CXO enterprises. The maximum reward for this type of newly introduced platform is 20 million yuan [41]. In addition, "marine biomedicine" is a major feature of Qingdao biological economy.

Among the 23 bio-economic projects in Qingdao in 2023 (including 10 industrial parks), 10 are in the field of medical devices and 4 are in Jiaozhou, continuing the dominant position of the medical device industry in the region.

Qingdao 2023 bio-economic hard science and technology projects and park details, source: Qingdao government network [26], tabulation, fruit shell hard science and technology modern agriculture Qingdao Agricultural University (formerly Laiyang Agricultural College) is one of China's "divine schools" for the postgraduate entrance examination, but the overall agricultural presence in Qingdao is not strong. In 2022, the total output value of Qingdao's primary industry was 47.804 billion yuan (2.2% of the city's total GDP, 7.2% of the province's total). The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery is 92.56 billion yuan (6.2% of the GDP of the whole city and 13.87% of the province) [25], which is far lower than the level of Shandong province.

This year, there are still four agricultural hard science and technology projects in Qingdao, including one in the agrochemical category (named "Green and efficient Agricultural API and Intermediate Construction Project". Although the main body of the construction is not specified, according to the official page of Hailier Pharmaceutical, a listed company in Qingdao, this project may be a subsidiary Hengning second phase API and supporting intermediate production project [42]), 2 breeding species and 1 tissue culture study. Two of these projects are located in Pingdu.

Qingdao 2023 modern agricultural hard science and technology projects and park details, source: Qingdao government network [26], tabulation, fruit shell hard science and technology aerospace Qingdao this year a total of five aerospace projects (including parks), three of which are located in the west coast new area, focus on the R & D and production of key components of the aviation upstream industrial chain (no longer detailed).

To summarize the distribution and industrial background of hard science and technology projects in two key cities in Shandong in 2023, we briefly discuss as follows:

In the field of green economy, in addition to lithium power, energy storage, wind energy and other new energy segments, the policy documents and related projects for hydrogen energy in the two places are particularly eye-catching. It should be pointed out that, different from lithium electricity, there are many problems in the hydrogen energy industry chain: the storage and transportation is difficult and the risk coefficient is high, and the filling cost is high. At the same time, despite the large amount of industrial by-product hydrogen in Shandong, however, it is still necessary to explore the technology of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water at low cost, and it needs to be popularized to achieve large-scale landing.

In the field of bio-economy, the key project style of the two places highlights a "stability", which tends to be CXO and medical devices with predictable market size, strong certainty and revenue guarantee, which is obviously different from the biomedical highlands such as Shanghai and Jiangsu.

In the field of intelligent manufacturing, the two places overlap in chip manufacturing, while each has its own emphasis on the laser industry and display industry (such as Jinan encourages power semiconductors, closed testing, etc., Qingdao focuses on IC design, wafer processing, closed testing). Wafer processing requires a lot of ultra-pure water and serious pollution, no matter in the southeast or coastal areas, or in the inland cities in the north, it is a great test of local water resources endowment and waste water recovery ability. the water consumption of wafer processing in different processes should be considered and prepared.

In the field of modern agriculture, although there are few key new projects of modern agriculture in the two places in 2023, and there is not much discussion in this article, Shandong has a profound agricultural industry, which focuses on the research and development and production of hybrid corn seeds. Corn seed sales are second only to Longping Hi-Tech, ranking second in China; this year, the first safety certificate for plant gene editing was also won by Jinan Shunfeng Biology [43]. In March this year, Shandong also set up a 500 million yuan Shandong New dynamic Energy Hyundai seed Industry Fund, which has quite distinctive features among the industrial funds set up one after another.

Finally, with regard to the project screening criteria of the two cities, we briefly explain as follows:

Where to find urban hard science and technology projects: the projects all come from the list of key projects published on the official government websites of Jinan and Qingdao (interested readers can see links to references). However, due to the great difference in the level of detail of information disclosure between the two places, Jinan's annual key projects have only one dimension of "project name" (project introduction, place of ownership, total investment scale, etc.) Qingdao's list includes the jurisdiction and escrow counties corresponding to the project.

How to screen out hard science and technology projects: at present, there are no clear and unified standards for "hard science and technology" projects, so fruit shell hard technology follows the following criteria: whether it is an industry based on new scientific developments and new technological inventions? whether it is a "choking industry"

Will there be any omissions: we will not include some parks under construction with strong comprehensive attributes (the total number is less than 5). The two municipal governments have made a slight distinction between the infrastructure and the improvement of people's livelihood of the listed projects, but all the projects, including these hard-tech projects, have obvious "pan-infrastructure" attributes (such as the construction of factories and parks for hard-tech projects). Some hard-tech companies using existing commercial facilities will not be listed, but we do not have to worry about omission, because hard-tech companies are industrial, once landed, their own factory or exclusive park is almost a necessity.

Analysis of why hard science and technology projects are slightly different: as mentioned earlier, due to the different degree of disclosure of project information between the two places, the analysis of Jinan is rough in the analysis dimension, while the analysis of Qingdao also takes into account the hard science and technology characteristics of the district and county.

The significance of hard science and technology to cities: although one article takes into account two cities, this article does not make a direct comparison. In addition, the hard science and technology project is a typical long-cycle type of industry, with large investment, high technical content and high added value, which also represents the future development direction of the industry. Only with the key projects in 2023, it is difficult to restore the full picture of the hard science and technology industry strength of a city and its districts and counties, and it is even more difficult to reflect the hard science and technology strength of a province. (many industrial leaders in Shandong are distributed in other cities, such as Wanhua Chemical in Yantai and GE shares in Weifang). We try our best to dig out official statistics, policy documents and information on the evolution of industrial history for readers' reference.

In short, a city's scientific and technological heritage, development prospects, happiness / livability index, there are multiple evaluation indicators, hard science and technology is an important dimension, but not the only decisive factor. Shandong, which is in a "period of transformation of new and old kinetic energy", especially need to be treated rationally.

References:

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Chinanews.com: 31 provinces 2022 GDP released: 16 outperform the whole country, Fujian and Jiangxi have the fastest growth rate of https://chinanews.com.cn/ cj / 2023 cj 01-21/9940105.shtml.

[3] Bureau of Statistics of Henan Province: statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development of Henan Province https://tjj.henan.gov.cn/ 2023 Universe 03-22/2711851.html

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[5] Shandong Bureau of Statistics: Shandong Province National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin http://tjj.shandong.gov.cn/ art / 2021-2-28 / art_6196_10285382.html

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[8] Shandong Bureau of Statistics: focus on the conversion of kinetic energy between the new and the old to write the Hua Zhang of a strong industrial province-http://tjj.shandong.gov.cn/ art / 2022-9-28 / art_292028_10299593.html since the 18th CPC National Congress

[9] China Business Industrial Research Institute: summary and analysis of 1200 champion manufacturing enterprises (products) in China (figure) https://www.askci.com/ news / chanye / 20221227/1500012078169.shtml

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[12] Circular of the people's Government of Jinan on issuing and issuing the Adjustment and Revitalization Plan of Jinan Automobile Industry http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2009-7-1 / art_2612_2044933.html

[13] Jinan's "14th five-year Plan" Energy Development Plan http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ attach / 0/91994b793e9241e99788dcd70cee542c.pdf

[14] notice on soliciting opinions from the public on the "Jinan Action Plan for supporting the High-quality Development and Promotion and Application of New Energy vehicle Industry (2022-2025) (draft for soliciting opinions)" http://jndpc.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2022-6-2 / art_2191_4769451.html

[15] medium-and long-term Development Plan of hydrogen Energy Industry in Shandong Province (2020-2030) http://www.shandong.gov.cn/ art / 2020-6-24 / art_107851_107610.html

[16] opinions of Jinan Municipal people's Government on accelerating the Development of New and excellent Industries http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2008-9-28 / art_2612_2044883.html

[17] Jinan created the National innovative Urban Development Plan (2010-2015) http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2010-2-23 / art_2612_2044368.html

[18] Circular of the people's Government of Jinan City on issuing the 14th five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Jinan and the outline of the long-term goals of the second ○ 35 years, http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ attach / 0/40de8873251c48e59bc0e31ebae28feb.pdf

[19] official website of Jinan Municipal people's Government: government work report 2023 http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2022-12-30 / art_33_4937040.html

[20] Volkswagen Daily: focus on new biological products and new technologies to help Shandong "take the lead in opening a new game" https://dzrb.dzng.com/ articleContent / 668_1036033.html

[21] Shandong Department of Industry and Information Technology: 2023 the 10th International Exhibition of Biological fermentation products and Technology and equipment opened in Jinan http://gxt.shandong.gov.cn/ art / 2023-3-31 / art_15165_10326187.html

[22] the 12th five-year Plan of Science and Technology Development in Jinan http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2011-9-30 / art_1982_249914.html

[23] opinions of the General Office of Jinan Municipal people's Government on promoting the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry http://www.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2022-6-23 / art_2614_4920837.html

[24] China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Jinan Branch official website: 2023 World Laser Industry Conference Press Conference held http://www.ccpitjinan.org/ art / 2023-4-24 / art_9845_302280.html

[25] Qingdao Bureau of Statistics: http://qdtj.qingdao.gov.cn/ tongjisj / tjsj_42452 / jjzl / qssczzfcy / 202302 / t20230207_6840269.shtml in the first-fourth quarter of 2022.

[26] Qingdao Government Network: circular of the Qingdao Municipal people's Government on promulgating the list of key projects in Qingdao in 2023 http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202212 / t20221230_6589784.shtml

[27] the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology publishes the list of advanced manufacturing clusters in 45 countries https://wap.miit.gov.cn/ xwdt / gxdt / sjdt / art / 2022 / art_8d77dc1565ce423e980f597c9c17601c.html

[28] Qingdao Administration Network: http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202303 / t20230328_7092072.shtml of Qingdao Science and Technology Innovation Plan during the 14th five-year Plan.

[29] Qingdao Government Affairs Network: http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / fgw / gkml / ghjh / 202111 / P020211125640907579288.pdf for the high-quality development plan of manufacturing industry in Qingdao during the 14th five-year Plan.

[30] http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202205 / t20220518_6060665.shtml Circular on Printing and issuing policies and measures of Qingdao to accelerate the Development of Integrated Circuit Industry

[31] Qingdao political Affairs Network: the Municipal Development and Reform Commission issued a three-year action plan for integrated circuit and new display industry http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / fgw / ywfl / cyfz / 202302 / t20230221_7008230.shtml

[32] Qingdao Administration Network: Qingdao Integrated Circuit and New display Industrial Park successfully unveiled http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / fgw / ywfl / cyfz / 202302 / t20230221_7008563.shtml

[33] Qingdao West Coast New area Government Network: Qingdao West Coast New area New Generation Information Technology Industry Development "14th five-year Plan" https://www.xihaian.gov.cn/ zwgk / bmgk / xxhj / gkml / ghjh / 202206 / t20220602_6091704.shtml

[34] Qingdao News Network: Qingdao New display: "up" opens a new "visual" world https://news.qingdaonews.com/ qingdao / 2023-04amp 20 / content_23434049.htm

[35] http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / zdgk / fgwj / zcwj / szfgw / 2015 / qzbz_111/202010 / t20201019_499069.shtml on issuing the Development Plan of Qingdao New Energy vehicle Industry (2014-2020)

[36] half-island network: Qingdao produced nearly 1.2 million new energy vehicles in 2020, one "made in Qingdao" http://news.bandao.cn/ a / 459474.html for every 10 new energy vehicles.

[37] Qingdao Administration Network: http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / gyxx / gkml / gwfg_533/202110 / t20211009_3574881.shtml of Qingdao Automobile Industry during the 14th five-year Plan

[38] Qingdao News Network: Qingdao Automobile Industry: develop "resilience" through the transition cycle https://news.qingdaonews.com/ qingdao / 2023-04 content_23432956.htm 17 / content_23432956.htm

[39] Qingdao Government Affairs Network: notice on issuing the 14th five-year Energy Development Plan of Qingdao City http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202112 / t20211203_3902158.shtml

[40] Qingdao Government Affairs Network: notice on issuing the Science, Technology and Innovation Plan of Qingdao City during the 14th five-year Plan http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202112 / t20211220_4072459.shtml

[41] http://www.qingdao.gov.cn/ zwgk / xxgk / bgt / gkml / gwfg / 202304 / t20230413_7117678.shtml Circular of the General Office of Qingdao Municipal people's Government on issuing and issuing some policies on the Development of Qingdao Biopharmaceutical and Medical device Industrial Park

[42] Hailier Pharmaceutical official website https://hailir.cn/ album308.html

[43] official website of Jinan High-tech Zone: the country's first safety certificate for plant gene editing has been approved, and Jinan has worked hard for 5 years to bear fruit http://innovation.jinan.gov.cn/ art / 2023-5-5 / art_16571_4801664.html.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: fruit Shell hard Technology (ID:guokr233), author: Li Tuo

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