Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Thanks to CTOnews.com netizen grass Luo Yuzi for the clue delivery! CTOnews.com May 11 news, CTOnews.com learned from "Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of High Energy" Weixin Official Accounts, May 10, the national major science and technology infrastructure high-altitude cosmic ray observatory "LHAASO"(LHAASO) successfully passed the national acceptance. "Lasuo" is located in Haizi Mountain, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, with an average altitude of 4410 meters. Its observation performance has created a number of "world's best." It will devote itself to exploring the mystery of the origin of cosmic rays and exploring more mysteries of the universe by observing cosmic rays.

Cosmic rays are energetic particles from space that visit our planet all the time. Cosmic rays are mainly composed of atomic nuclei of hydrogen nuclei, helium nuclei, iron nuclei and other elements, and include a small number of positive and negative electrons. They are the only material samples that humans can obtain from the depths of the universe.

"Lasso" is a major national science and technology infrastructure centered on cosmic ray observation and research. On December 31,2015, it was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. The project was jointly built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the People's Government of Sichuan Province, and undertaken by Chengdu Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The construction period is 4 years. The main works of LHAASO started in 2017 and were completed in 2021. The LHAASO project has passed the acceptance inspection of five professional groups organized by the competent department of Chinese Academy of Sciences, namely, technology, construction, finance, equipment assets and archives.

The acceptance committee believes that Chengdu Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the legal entity of the project, and Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the co-construction unit, have completed the construction tasks approved by the National Development and Reform Commission on schedule, comprehensively and with high quality, and all indicators have reached or exceeded the approved acceptance indicators. The quarter scale detection device of LHAASO was put into trial operation in April 2019, and the full-scale detection device was put into trial operation in July 2021. The overall performance is reliable and has long-term stable scientific operation capability. "Lasso" makes full use of the superior high altitude conditions and advanced technological advantages of 4410 meters in a specific area, becoming the most sensitive ultra-high energy gamma ray detection device in the world, the most sensitive very-high energy gamma ray source survey telescope in the world, and the ultra-high energy cosmic ray compound stereo measurement system with the widest energy coverage. The completion and operation of "Lasso" makes it one of the three major experimental facilities of international particle astrophysics at present, which is of great significance for promoting major original breakthroughs in this field and driving the development of cutting-edge cross-related disciplines and international cooperation. The acceptance committee agreed that the project passed the national acceptance.

"Lasuo" is located in Haizi Mountain, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, with an average altitude of 4410 meters and an area of about 1.36 square kilometers. It consists of three arrays: a ground shower particle detector array of 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors and 1188 muon detectors, a water Cerenkov detector array of 78000 square meters and 18 wide-angle Cerenkov telescopes. LHAASO uses four detection techniques to measure gamma rays and cosmic rays from high-energy objects in all directions and in multiple variables.

In the process of construction,"Lasso" has realized a number of major independent technological innovations and promoted the innovation and development of related technologies: firstly, it is the first time to use a new type of silicon photoelectric cell on a large scale in the large-field imaging Cerenkov telescope, which has changed the traditional observation mode that such telescopes cannot work on moonlit nights and realized the multiplication of effective observation time; Second, it has developed large-area, high-precision, multi-node and long-distance clock distribution technology suitable for field conditions above 4000 meters above sea level. The long-distance synchronization accuracy reaches 0.2 nanoseconds, which is 5 times higher than the original technology and reaches the international leading level. Third, a home-made 20-inch super-large photomultiplier tube is used, which improves the time response by three times, reduces the observation threshold energy from 300 billion electron volts to 70 billion electron volts, and the observation ability reaches the international leading level; Fourth, remarkable progress has been made in mass data acquisition technology, developing and realizing "trigger-free" data acquisition, realizing "zero dead time" observation of cosmic ray events, and realizing real-time data transmission of mass data from Haizishan Observation Base to Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

During the construction period of "Lasso," 1/4 scale and full-scale array trial operation was carried out to continuously observe high-energy cosmic rays. Based on its ultra-high detection sensitivity,"Lasso" has made many breakthrough major scientific achievements during the trial operation period. "Lasso" discovered a large number of ultra-high energy cosmic accelerator candidates in the Milky Way and recorded the highest energy photons observed by humans, opening the era of "ultra-high energy gamma astronomy." Accurate measurements of the ultra-high energy brightness of the standard candle Crab Nebula and the discovery of 1 trillion electron volts of gamma radiation challenged theoretical limits. About 215 journal papers and 156 conference papers have been published cumulatively.

The construction unit of "Lasso" project gives full play to the advantages of institutionalized research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, carries out observation and theoretical research relying on facilities, and is fully open and shared at home and abroad. At present, 28 astrophysical research institutions have become member units of the international cooperation group of "Lasso." The cooperative group uses the "Lasso" observation data to carry out particle astrophysics research, while carrying out basic research in cosmology, astronomy, particle physics and many other fields. After passing the national acceptance,"Laso" will become an international cosmic ray research center dominated by China and participated by many countries. With the advantage of high altitude gamma astronomy and cosmic ray observation, it will become a unique and comprehensive open scientific research platform.

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