Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Earth knowledge Bureau (ID:diqiuzhishiju), author: Chao Qian, proofread: Koo Hanying, Editor: Dagua

Created "more than 1000 national firsts"

Once extremely brilliant ▼ of Liaoning Province

After entering the reform and opening up, Liaoning Province has experienced the throes of state-owned enterprise reform and has become an old industrial base that needs to be revitalized urgently. There is even a joke on the Internet that "investment is but Shanhaiguan". In recent years, the northeast region, including Liaoning, is faced with problems such as the loss of young and middle-aged population, the aging of population structure and so on. Many resource-based cities are still facing the dilemma of transformation. The eldest son, who has paid silently for a long time, seems to be caught in a "midlife crisis".

In mid-April this year, I was invited to visit various parts of Liaoning. What I have seen and heard here has greatly changed my inherent view of Liaoning.

Impression of Liaoning: Shenyang-Yingkou-Dalian on April 10, our party arrived in Shenyang. Our hotel is located next to Beiling Park. The official name of the Beiling is the Qing Zhao Mausoleum, which is the mausoleum of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty. The towering hall of enjoyment in Zhaoling tells the history of Shenyang as the "Shengjing" of the Qing Dynasty.

Longen Hall of the Zhao Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

On the other side of Beiling Park lies Shenyang aircraft Industry Group, the cradle of the Chinese Air Force. Shen Fei was built here because its predecessor was Beiling Airport, which was built in 1930. This airport is still Shen Fei's experimental airport. Generations of fighter planes have taken off from here, witnessing the growth of the people's Air Force from weak to strong.

Beiling Park, Beiling Airport (today's Shenyang Airport) and Shenfeihang Expo Park are located.

(base: google map) ▼

The next day, we visited Shen Fei's aerobo park. The Air Expo Park shows the decommissioned real aircraft made by Shen Fei, such as J-8, as well as models of military aircraft in active service after J-15. From the imitation of the Soviet-style J-5, J-6, J-7, to the self-designed J-8, to the shipborne J-15, and to the FC-31 "Uighur Eagle" stealth fighter that has not yet been installed. The history of Shen Fei can be said to be a microcosm of the aviation industry of New China.

J-8 real machine (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

FC-31 "Uighur Eagle" Model (Picture: Chao Qian) ▼

The indoor pavilion mainly shows Shen Fei's glorious history. The photos and cultural relics of the pavilion tell us about the initial stage of the aviation industry of New China. In fact, Shen Fei in the early days could only repair the Soviet-made "MIG" fighter planes, which created a famous "MIG corridor" in the Korean battlefield.

Photo of the pavilion (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

For more than 70 years, Shen Fei has experienced a process from repair to imitation to independent research and development. Among them, it has poured into the painstaking efforts of generations of Chinese airlines, such as Luo Yang.

J-15 model (picture: Chaoqian) ▼

On the 12th, our party left Shenyang and came to Yingkou, which is located at the mouth of Liaohe River. In history, the delta area in the lower reaches of Liaohe River is a tidal flat wetland, which was called "Liaoze" in ancient times. Today, around Yingkou, there are still large wetlands suitable for aquaculture and growing rice. The rice we ate in Yingkou tasted excellent.

Yingkou is also the earliest trading port in Northeast China. In the unequal Tianjin Treaty, Niuzhuang was stipulated as the trading port, but in practice, the British found that the port condition of Yingkou was better than that of Niuzhuang, so Li Daitao was stiff, chose Yingkou as the port, and deliberately used Niuzhuang to refer to Yingkou. Today, the name of "Niuzhuang" can still be seen on some exotic old buildings in Yingkou.

Yingkou also has a famous piano factory at home and abroad-Northeast Piano and Musical instrument Co., Ltd. The antique pianos with ivory keys on display in the factory represent the historical heritage of the factory. The old factory is also facing the market and has produced many "new jobs", such as the piano that can be played automatically, the "silent piano" that can only be heard by wearing headphones in order to prevent piano practice from disturbing the people, and so on.

Antique piano with ivory keys (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

Automatically play the piano (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

In the production workshop, the old masters in charge of tuning rely on their absolute sense of sound and years of experience to press the keys over and over again and use tools to adjust the tightness of the strings. Their golden ears are an important guarantee for factory quality control.

Serious and responsible tuner (picture: Chaoqian) ▼

On the 13th, our party came to the beautiful seaside city of Dalian. In the impression of many people, Dalian seems to be a tourist city dominated by the tertiary industry. It is true that the water is clear, the seagulls are flocks, and the climate is pleasant, but the real "internal strength" of Dalian lies in the secondary industry, which is highly competitive in shipbuilding, petrochemical, machinery and other industries.

Dalian Port, walking with seagulls (photo: Chaoqian) ▼

We visited the legendary Dalian Shipbuilding heavy Industry Group, where the first two aircraft carriers of the Chinese navy, the Liaoning and Shandong, as well as a number of 10,000-ton drives were completed and delivered by the Dawang Group.

Bird's-eye view of Dazhong Group (Picture: Dazhou Group) ▼

Dachang Group also has very advanced technology in civil ships. The dock we visited can build large ships with a full displacement of about 300000 tons. What is being built in the dock is a 16000TEU container ship. Such a super factory is the true backbone of a great power.

16000TEU Container ship (Picture: Chaoqian) ▼

The history of Dachang Group can be traced back to 1898. Over the past 120 years, this old factory has witnessed the development of China's shipbuilding industry from small to large and the people's navy from weak to strong.

On the 14th, our party concluded a visit to Liaoning. I was shocked by the multiple cultural heritage and the heavy industrial genes here.

The weight of the old industrial base the biggest gain of this trip to Liaoning is to really appreciate the weight of the word "old industrial base". Behind the old industrial base is the unique location advantage, is a set of relatively complete industrial system, is the profound technical heritage accumulated over the past 100 years, as well as the matching education and scientific research system. There are only a handful of such industrial bases in the world.

To build an industrial base, rich mineral and energy resources are essential. More than 110 kinds of minerals have been discovered in Liaoning, of which nearly 10 kinds of iron, boron, magnesite, diamond, talc and jade rank first in the country. In particular, the bulk of mineral resources needed for the development of modern industry are blessed.

Judging from the distribution of ferrous metal mineral resources in China

Liaoning Province is very rich in iron ore resources.

▼ is one of the important concentrated iron ore producing areas in China.

For example, Dashiqiao City, under the jurisdiction of Yingkou, has a total proved reserves of 4.456 billion tons, which is known as the "magnesium capital of China". Iron ore is widely distributed in Anshan, Benxi and Liaoyang areas. The Gongchangling No.2 Mining area in Liaoyang is a rare iron-rich deposit in China.

Liaoning Province's oil and natural gas reserves account for 15% and 10% of the country's total reserves, respectively. Liaohe Oilfield is one of the third largest oil and gas fields in China, and the oil and gas resources in Liaodong Bay are also very rich. Shortly before our visit, Panjin landed a petrochemical project, jointly funded by Saudi Aramco, Northern Industrial Group and Panjin Xincheng Industrial Group, with a total investment of 83.7 billion yuan.

Such an excellent resource endowment is purely God's reward for food. However, no matter how rich the products are in a region, it is impossible not to ask for help in everything, and the developed land and water transportation is also a necessary factor in the construction of an industrial base. Liaoning not only has the densest railway network in the country, but also the only province in the northeast with a coastline and many natural ports such as Dalian, Yingkou and Huludao.

Hengli Petrochemical, which we visited, is a typical port + factory model. Hengli Petrochemical Industrial Park is built in the northwest corner of Changxing Island in Dalian and has its own port. After the crude oil is transported from the port, it has been processed by the whole industry chain to become a variety of textile fabrics and polyester materials. This private enterprise currently ranks 75th among the top 500 companies in the world.

Hengping-Hengli 20 million tons / year Refining and Chemical Integration Industrial Park

(photo: Hengli Group) ▼

With the unique geographical advantages, it is also necessary to build a relatively complete industrial system on this basis. Shen Fei and Dachan mentioned above can be said to be the crowns in Liaoning's industrial system, and behind them, there are huge upstream industrial clusters. For example, steel and chemical enterprises that produce raw materials, enterprises that process raw materials, and enterprises that produce processing tools (such as industrial mother machines), and so on.

In fact, the construction process of modern industrial system is also the industrialization process of a country.

Dalian Guangyang Science and Technology Group, which we visited, is the leading manufacturer of industrial mother machines in China. Its five-axis CNC machine tool can process propellers and propeller blades in the fields of energy, aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, military industry, etc.

Horizontal screen-panoramic View of Guangyang Group

(photo: Guangyang Group) ▼

These components often have complex and precise structures and radians. Although 3D printing can also be achieved, the printed parts often do not reach the strength required in the above areas. Only the milling process of the five-axis CNC machine tool can produce high-precision and high-strength parts that meet the requirements.

Guangyang Group Factory (Picture: Guangyang Group) ▼

In the past impression, it seems that only state-owned enterprises or even central enterprises can play in such a technology-intensive and capital-intensive industry, while Guangyang Science and Technology is a private enterprise. In the face of the media, Chairman Yu Dehai spoke eloquently, his face brimming with confidence in independent research and development technology. In the light of the foreign people, I seem to see the future of northeast industry.

Horizontal screen-Guangyang Group R & D team

(photo: Guangyang Group) ▼

Today, China is the only big manufacturing country in the world with all industrial categories. Through independent research and development, it has broken through the "neck" again and again. Behind this, Liaoning's old industrial base has paid silently for a long time, and a large number of technology-intensive enterprises have made continuous self-improvement.

A complete industrial system must have a matching educational and scientific research system, whether it is skilled industrial workers or seamlessly connecting the latest science and technology to production enterprises. It is inseparable from the educational and scientific research system from vocational schools to universities and research institutions.

Neusoft Group, located in Hunnan District, Shenyang, is an enterprise that produces advanced CT machines, its predecessor is the school-run enterprise of Northeastern University. After listing, Neusoft College, Biomedical and Information Engineering College have been established in many places. Neusoft Group is an example of the close combination of enterprises and educational and scientific research institutions.

CT Machine (Picture: Chaoqian) ▼ developed by Neusoft Group

To sum up, the formation of the "old industrial base" in Northeast China is not only due to God's appreciation of food, but also the result of the struggle of the people of Liaoning for more than a hundred years.

Although faced with many problems in the past, such as industrial transformation, resource depletion, labor shortage and so on, it is not difficult to see from the above cases that many industrial categories in Liaoning have completed the transformation from traditional resource-intensive and labor-intensive to technology-intensive. Private capital has closely participated in this transformation process, and a number of emerging leading enterprises have grown up. And new opportunities are coming.

Is the opportunity for the Northeast coming? Generally speaking, when the international situation is relatively stable and there is more cooperation among big countries than competition, private and individual economy with small size, high flexibility and light business model can usually play an important role in economic life. China's transition from planned economy to market economy in the early 1990s is benefiting from such an international situation.

At that time, the Cold War had just ended, the relations between the great powers, which had been in a tense confrontation for a long time, were eased, and international trade became more and more active. At this time, the development of private and individual economy will help to enliven the market, enhance the total economic output and improve the living standards of the people.

Under the spring tide of market economy, some resource-intensive and labor-intensive enterprises in Northeast China, due to their huge volume and rigid management, are unable to respond flexibly to the instantaneous changes in market demand and are defeated in the competition. facing the plight of loss and bankruptcy.

As the saying goes: "Thirty years east, thirty years west". Today, the international situation is developing in the direction of increasing tension and instability, and there is more confrontation and competition among major powers than cooperation. Usually in this case, state-led industrial capital will play a more important role in economic life. For example, the United States before and after World War II established a self-centered post-war international order by virtue of unparalleled industrial strength of other countries.

Therefore, in the current trend, the old industrial base, which has experienced the rebirth of Nirvana, is likely to return to its former position. Whether the eldest son of the Republic of Liaoning can come out of the "middle-aged crisis" and regain his youth is worth waiting for.

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