Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Today is Ching Ming Festival in China's 24 solar terms. "Qingming Festival" has the meaning of melting snow and ice, green vegetation, clear weather and prosperity of all things. During the Qingming Festival, the air is clear and everything is clear, hence the name. Qingming Festival is not only a solar term, but also a festival. When it comes to Ching Ming Festival, many people will think of the famous saying, "it was drizzling during the Qingming Festival, and the pedestrians on the road were even more depressed." Yes, as soon as the Qingming Festival comes, the temperature rises and the rainfall increases, which is a good time for spring ploughing and spring planting.

Ching Ming Festival, also known as Ta Qing Festival during the Qingming Festival, is one of the traditional Chinese festivals and one of the most important sacrificial festivals, which is the day of ancestor worship and grave sweeping. In traditional society, Ching Ming Festival is a particularly grand festival. In addition to visiting tombs and remembering loved ones, it is also a holiday for hiking, hiking and getting close to nature. At 09:12:52 on April 5th, Ching Ming Festival ushered in the year 2023.

▲ screenshot from Cloud Calendar the ancients identified 24 nodes in a year based on observations of the sun's shadow, and the day on which each node referred to was called a solar term. In a year, starting with the Beginning of Spring, Qingming is the fifth time node. On April 4 or 5 of each year, when the sun reaches 15 degrees of the yellow longitude, it is the Qingming Festival. The time when the earth revolves around the sun is called the "return year" or "solar year". Since the Qing Dynasty, the vernal equinox is set at 0 degrees, and every 15 degrees of the sun's movement in the ecliptic is defined as a solar term, so 24 solar terms are 24 specific moments, not specific 24 days. However, the actual length of a return year is 365.2422 days, and the length of a calendar year is 365 days, so there will be an extra 0.2422 days each year, and the specific moment of solar terms will be "extended" by 0.2422 days per year; as a result, nearly one day will be accumulated four years later, and in order to correct it, there is a "leap year" system in the Gregorian calendar, with an extra day of February 29 every four years. This is also the reason why Ching Ming Festival is sometimes on April 4 instead of April 5.

The origin of Ching Ming Festival, the origin of the festival, is said to have begun with the ceremony of "tomb sacrifice" between emperors and generals in ancient times, and later followed by the folk. On this day, offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves has become a fixed custom of the Chinese nation. Ching Ming Festival's custom of commemorating his ancestors is related to the Cold Food Festival, which is said to be set up in the Spring and Autumn period to commemorate Jie Zitui, a loyal minister of Jin.

During the Spring and Autumn period, Chong'er, the son of Jin, went into exile to escape persecution. On his way into exile, he was tired and hungry in an uninhabited place, unable to find food. Later, thanks to his minister Jie Zi pushing "cutting shares to satisfy hunger", Chong'er 's life was saved. Nineteen years later, Chong'er became king, that is, the Duke of Wen in Jin Dynasty. After ascending the throne, Duke Wen rewarded the heroes who accompanied him in exile, but forgot Jie Zitui. Many people complain about the meson push, but the meson push has returned to the mountain forest.

Later, the Duke of Wen of the Jin Dynasty took people to invite Jie Zitui, but he could not find it, so someone offered advice to burn the mountain from three sides and forced Jie Zitui out. At last, the fire burned all over, but there was no sign of Jie Zitui. After the fire went out, people found that Jie Zitui, carrying his old mother's Jie Zitui, had sat dead under an old willow tree. Seeing this, Lord Wen of the Jin Dynasty wailed. When he was encoffined, a blood book was found in the hole in the tree, which read: "cut the flesh and serve the king with all his heart. I hope the master will always be clear." In memory of Jie Zitui, the Duke of Jin Wen ordered that this day be designated as the Cold Food Festival. In the following year, the Duke of Wen of the Jin Dynasty led his ministers to climb the mountain for a memorial ceremony and found that the old willow was dead and resurrected. He gave the old willow a "Qingming willow" and told the world that the day after the cold food festival would be Ching Ming Festival.

During the Qingming Festival, the temperature is getting warmer and rainfall is increasing, which is a good time for spring ploughing and spring planting. Therefore, Qingming Festival is an important solar term for ancient agricultural production. During this period, the daily average temperature in most farming areas of China has risen to more than 12 ℃, and there is a busy scene of spring ploughing everywhere. The climate in South China is warm and spring is strong. But as the saying goes, "the Qingming Festival breaks the snow and Grain Rain breaks the frost." Before and after the Qingming Festival, there was still cold air invading, and even the daily average temperature was lower than 12 ℃ for more than 3 days, resulting in rotten seedlings of middle rice and dead seedlings of early rice, so rice sowing and planting should avoid warm tail and cold head. In the northwest plateau, livestock have weak resistance due to the influence of severe winter and insufficient forage, so it is necessary to strictly guard against the harm of strong cooling weather after the beginning of spring to old, weak and young livestock.

In addition, the western part of South China is often in the period of spring drought, and the rainfall in the first ten days of April is generally only 10 to 20 millimeters, which is less than half of that in the south of the Yangtze River. Although there is more spring rain in eastern China, the rainfall in the first ten days of April is generally only 20 to 40 millimeters. Natural precipitation is not enough to meet the needs of agricultural production, and we have to rely on water storage before the year. In addition, May-June is the month with the most hail in a year, and the defense against hail disasters should be strengthened.

The Qingming Festival custom of sweeping tombs and offering sacrifices to ancestors

In Chinese history, it has long been a custom to ban cold food from fire and pay tribute to our ancestors. Before and after Ching Ming Festival, people had the custom of visiting graves to worship their ancestors: uprooting weeds, putting offerings, offering incense prayers in front of graves, burning paper money and gold ingots, or simply offering a bouquet of flowers in memory of their ancestors. Tomb-sweeping began before the Qin Dynasty, but not necessarily during the Qingming Festival. Tomb-sweeping was done after the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. And handed down to this day.

Swing

A swing means to move by a leather rope. Its history is very old, first called Qianqiu, and then changed to swing in order to avoid taboo. In ancient times, swings were often made of branches and ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into a swing with two ropes and pedals. The swing play was popular in the Northern and Southern dynasties. The Chronicle of the Age of Jing and Chu records: "in spring, a long rope is hung from a tall wood, and the ladies' colorful clothes sit on it and push it, which is called playing on the swing." Playing on the swing has been a very common game in the Tang Dynasty, and it has become an important part of Ching Ming Festival's custom. As the Qingming Festival swings can be seen everywhere, the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties designated Ching Ming Festival as the Autumn Festival, and swings were also set up in the palace for empresses, concubines and maids to play. Playing on the swing can not only improve health, but also cultivate bravery, which has been loved by people, especially children.

Cuju

Ju is a kind of leather ball, which is made of leather and stuffed with wool. Cuju is to play football with your feet. This is a kind of game that people loved in ancient Ching Ming Festival. Legend has it that it was invented by the Yellow Emperor and was originally used to train samurai.

Outing

Also known as spring outing. In ancient times, it was called exploring spring, searching for spring, and so on. With the Qingming Festival in March and the return of spring, nature is full of vitality, which is a good time for outing. The folk of our country have maintained the habit of Qingming Festival outing for a long time. According to legend, there was a Qingming Festival outing a long time ago. According to the Old Book of the Tang Dynasty: "in February of the second year of the lunar calendar, Kunming Pool was lucky to have an outing." It can be seen that the custom of outing for spring outing has long been popular. Du Fu has the poem "Let's go for an outing by the river, look back and see banners." In the Song Dynasty, the trend of outing prevailed. The style painting along the River during the Qingming Festival, written by the famous painter Zhang Qieduan in the Song Dynasty, vividly depicts the lively scene of the Qingming Festival centering on the Bianhe River outside Bianjing. In this picture, there are more than 550 characters, more than 50 livestock, more than 20 ships, more than 20 cars and sedan chairs. You can see the grand occasion of the Qingming Festival outing.

Salix chinensis

Willow shooting is a game to practice archery skills. According to the records of the Ming Dynasty, the pigeon was put in the gourd, and then the gourd was hung high on the willow, the curved bow shot the gourd, and the pigeon flew out to determine the outcome by the height of the flying pigeon.

Planting willow

It is said that the custom of inserting willows is also in memory of Shennong, the agricultural ancestor of "teaching people crops". In some places, people put willow branches under the eaves to predict the weather. There is an old saying that "the wicker is green and the rain is cloudy; the wicker is dry and the weather is fine". Willow has a strong vitality, as the saying goes: "if you want to plant flowers, you don't want to grow flowers, but you don't want to plant willows." The wicker lives on the earth, wherever it goes, where it goes, and every year it becomes a shade.

The following is an ancient poem about the Qingming Festival: during the Qingming Festival, it was drizzling, and the pedestrians on the road were even more depressed. Du Mu's Qingming Festival

Ask the shepherd boy where there is a restaurant. He pointed to the apricot flower village in the distance. Du Mu's Qingming Festival

Plain clothes do not sigh from the wind and dust, even Qingming Festival can get home. Lu you's "the beginning of Spring Rain in Lin'an"

When the swallow came, Lihua lagged behind Qingming Festival. Yan Shu's "Spring scene for a while"

No flowers and no wine after Qingming Festival, interest is like a wild monk. -- Wang Yucheng's Qingming Festival

Qingming Festival out of the suburbs, silent mountain city Liu Yingmen. Yang Huizhi's "Cold Food sent to Zheng Qi Shilang"

Wild tang flowers fall, and passed in a hurry, Qingming Festival. Xin Qiji read Nujiao Shu Dongliu Village Wall

Black singing magpie noise faints trees, Qingming Festival cold food whose family cries. -- Bai Juyi's "the wild hope of cold food"

Tingxuan lonely near Qingming Festival, residual flowers in the wine, but also last year's illness. -- Zhang Xian's "Green door to introduce Spring thoughts"

A county official is the only deputy envoy, and the cold festival of the year is Qingming Festival. Wang Yucheng's "drinking alone on Qingming Festival"

The moonlight in the atrium is clear and bright, and countless poplar flowers have not been seen. -- Zhang Xian's "Magnolia Yi Mao Wu Xing Cold Food"

Qingming Festival is near, but Tianya is a guest. Cao Group "Remembrance of drinking companions in adolescence"

How affectionate, nowhere to say, falling flowers flying catkins Ching Ming Festival. Wei Chengban's Fish Song Liu Rumei

The tung flowers are in full bloom, sparse the rain and wash the Qingming Festival. Liu Yong's "Magnolia slowly dismantled Tung Flowers in full bloom"

When it is suddenly clear and bright, flowers can not be carried on Xiyuan Road. -- Wu Wenying's "sudden clearness when you click on your lips"

The wind of pear blossom is Qingming Festival, and the wanderer is looking for a half-out of the city in spring. -- Wu Weixin's "Su Di Qingming Festival is the matter"

Just after the Qingming Festival, I gradually feel hurt in the spring dusk. Li Guan's "Butterfly in Love with Flowers in Spring dusk"

The emperor attaches great importance to Qingming, and the people are sad. -- Meng Haoran's "Qingming Festival is the matter"

White under the mountains are all around the Guo, Qingming Festival no guests do not miss home. Gao Qi's "Qingming Festival is presented to the Gong in the Museum"

Try to peep at the county in Wumen, and there are new cigarettes in several places of Qingming. -- Zhang Ji's "Lu Men is the matter"

Qingming Festival weather. Be drunk with sorrow forever. Du Anshi's "Crane soaring to the Sky and Qingming Weather"

When the swallow returns to the flower, it has long been followed and passed the Qingming Festival. Nalan Xingde's "Red window Moon Swallow returning to Flower Xie"

After the Qingming Festival, I can't bear to look back, Yunsuo Zhu Lou. -- Zhu Shuzhen "the eyes are beautiful and the wind is slow to soften"

Thousands of strands of green greet each other. Dance smoke and sleep after the Qingming Festival. Yan Jidao, "Huan Xisha and the wind to Bicheng in February"

How many flowers are spent on the branches of the residual apricot. Yohong hates Qingming rain. Zhao Lingyi's "butterfly's love for flowers and desire to reduce Luo Yi's cold hasn't gone"

Listen to the wind, listen to the rain after the Qingming Festival. Worry about the grass and the flowers. Wu Wenying's "the Wind enters the Pine, listens to the Wind and listens to the Rain after the Qingming Festival"

The tung flowers are in full bloom, sparse the rain and wash the Qingming Festival. Liu Yong's "Magnolia slowly dismantled Tung Flowers in full bloom"

Good breeze obscure moon Qingming night, Bibi Hongxuan stabbing historian. Bai Juyi's Qingming Night

During the Qingming Festival, peaches and plums laugh, and Noda Arazuka is only worried. Huang Tingjian's Qingming Festival

There are many tomb fields on the north and south hills, and the Qingming Festival sacrifices are numerous. -- Gao Yi's "Qingming Festival to Wine"

After the cold food of wind and rain and pear flowers, how many graves have descendants come?-- Gao Qi sent Chen Xiucai back to the tomb of Shashang Province.

Eyes full of hairspring and catkins, red apricot blooming, a moment of Qingming rain. Feng Yansi's "Magpie stepping on Qingming Festival"

This article was originally published on April 5, 2018, "Today Ching Ming Festival: never forget to return in search of Spring, Paper Candle mourns our ancestors", which has been revised.

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