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The original title: "hold down on this part, the fierce horse is at your disposal, expert: this is acupuncture for horses."

Write an article | Seven Jun

Today, I would like to introduce to you an artifact that looks very strange, more strange to use, and absolutely strange in principle.

(photo Source: wikimedia) do you know what this is?

This artifact is called twitch, also called Horse stun. Its usage is to put it on the upper lip of the horse and stir it.

Mahler (Photo: wikimedia) looks like horses are going to hurt.

Just cantaloupe seeds, oh, on the contrary, horses trapped by Mahlers will not only feel no pain, but will also become extremely calm and calm, their eyes will droop, and their aggressiveness will be greatly reduced. At the same time, the Mahler's horses lose interest in their surroundings and are even unwilling to move around. Does it sound a bit like a drug-addicted human?

All in all, Mahler is the physical narcotics of the horse, which can quickly put the horse into a state of hypnosis or anesthesia. Therefore, veterinarians, herders and trainers often use this tool to anesthetize horses when they need to perform minor operations on horses, so as to prevent frightened horses from causing injuries to themselves or others.

Mahler makes the horse quiet quickly (photo source: watermark) so what exactly is Mahler's principle?

Although Mahler has a long history, its principle is still controversial. The researchers have three hypotheses.

The first hypothesis is that Mahler distracts the horse from his pain.

The second hypothesis is that the pain caused by Mahler suppresses the sensation of other parts of the body and is first perceived by the horse's brain.

The third hypothesis holds that the tool itself has an analgesic effect, which is a kind of narcotics.

(photo Source: wikimedia) many researchers either stand for the first hypothesis or the second.

Important progress was finally made on this issue in 1984. In a study published in Science in 1984, Evert Lagerweij, a researcher at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, and colleagues suggested that the third hypothesis was more reasonable. Their reason is that, first of all, the response of the horse to the Mahler is not the same as to the pain stimulus, and it is obvious that after using the Mahler, the horse looks very comfortable.

In addition, compared with other parts of the body, the horse can eat when the lip is injured, and the horse seems to have a different perception of pain in the upper lip than in other parts of the body.

(photo Source: Internet) in order to verify this, they have done a lot of experiments.

They got 37 horses and divided them into two groups. In one group, while using Mahler, the spine and shoulder were punctured in a Mammy style, once a second for five minutes.

To see if the horse felt pain, they measured the horse's heart rate. If the horse's heart rate rises, it means they really feel pain.

In order to compare the effect of Mahler, the other group was directly stabbed without using any analgesic tools.

It was found that the heart rate of the horses who were strangled was 8% lower than that of the direct needle group. It is obvious that Mahler does have an analgesic effect, which is very beneficial to the third hypothesis.

So how does Mahler relieve pain? These researchers believe that the high probability is due to endorphins, a happy substance synthesized by mammals themselves.

Endorphin belongs to morphine-like molecules and its effect is similar to that of opium. Generally speaking, when an animal feels pain, the brain releases endorphins to relieve pain. As a result, endorphins are also considered to be an important molecular basis for massage and exercise to make people feel good and happy.

To see if Mahler can make the horse's brain release endorphins, they draw blood from the horse before and after using Mahler. After the use of Mahler, the β-endorphin in the horse's blood did increase. This shows that Mahler's function is indeed related to endorphins.

The researchers also injected horses with naloxone (Naloxone), the "antimatter" of endorphins, to see if the horses were high because they were on endorphins. Naloxone can compete with endorphins for opioid receptors, thus hindering the effect of endorphins. Because of this, naloxone is often used to detoxify opioids.

Naloxone is often used to detoxify people who overdose (photo: wikimedia) the researchers first injected the horses with naloxone and then injected them with mammy needles while holding the horses around their mouths.

Something amazing happened, and after naloxone, Mahler's analgesic effect disappeared. In this case, the heart rate of the needled horse is the same with or without Mahler.

In this way, Mahler does cause the horse to produce endorphins and enter a "high" state. These researchers even suggest that Mahler's effect is similar to that of acupuncture.

(photo Source: pexels) A study published in Equine Research in 2016 further found that, in addition to endorphins, Mahler can activate the vagus nerve of horses and reduce levels of the stress hormone cortisol, thereby reducing stress.

Mahler also seems to have an effect on some other animals. Some researchers have found that Mahler can also be used on donkeys, which can reduce the heart rate of donkeys.

(photo source: Internet) however, Mahler can not be used indefinitely, it is timely, generally speaking can only last 5 minutes, and then the horse's heart rate will rise, should be grumpy and grumpy, should kick people and kick people. If you want to make trouble with Mahler, you should pay attention to a speed.

This is the horse version of nose-picking: scratching is very cool, scratching for a long time will be painful.

Cover source: pexels

Reference:

Https://docs.qq.com/doc/DVEpaSXlQZXR6d1ZS

This article is from the official Wechat account: bring Science Home (ID:steamforkids), author: everything.

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