Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

This article is from the official account of Wechat: Earth knowledge Bureau (ID:diqiuzhishiju), author: cold Night Cold Star

"I passed by the snow floating on the Qilian Mountains outside the Yumen pass, and the wind blowing from Xiaoxiao on the edge of the Great Wall." The song "Yi", which was very popular on the short video platform, has become the most common background music in the videos of netizens' western scenery, such as Gobi in the desert, sunset in the Changjiang River and Danxia in the snow-capped mountains, and has become an unofficial promotional song for tourism in Gansu Province.

It is highly recommended to go.

The magnificent and colorful Danxia has become a must for countless people to travel in the northwest, and Zhangye, which was unknown 20 years ago, has been pushed into one of the popular tourist destinations. However, when it comes to the Hexi Corridor, people often think of Dunhuang, Liangzhou and other places, while Zhangye, which is very important for the existence and development, smoothness and communication of the Hexi Corridor, knows very little except Danxia landscape.

Today's article will take you to Ganzhou-Zhangye to explore this indispensable magical land in the Hexi Corridor.

Zhangye is the source of "Gan" and Jiuquan (Suzhou) is the source of "Su".

Hence the name ▼ of Gansu.

Without looking at the snow on the top of the Qilian Mountains, Zhangye mistakenly recognized that Zhangye in the south of the Yangtze River was sometimes called Ganzhou in ancient times, which was located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor where the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Mongolian Plateau meet. The geographical location of Zhangye can best explain the "corridor" topographic features of the Hexi Corridor, with Longshou Mountain and Badain Jaran Desert in the northeast and the Qilian Mountains in the southwest, both of which are complex topographic areas difficult for human beings to cross. The Zhangye Oasis, which runs through the Heihe River, forms a relatively narrow corridor between the two topographic plates.

This important river flows north to the depths of the desert

Until the famous "Juyanhai" ▼

In addition to being the key node of the east-west passage of the Hexi Corridor, Zhangye originates from the water cutting of the Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China, and the Datong River, which flows through the boundary between Gansu and Qinghai. Here, there are several passes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau leading to the Hexi Corridor and the Mongolian Plateau. The relatively rich Hehuang basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is through the Bandu mouth of Zhangye, connecting the Hexi Corridor and then along the Silk Road to Xinjiang and Central Asia.

Therefore, Zhangye has been the important town and throat of the Silk Road since ancient times.

From Xining (Hehuang Basin) to Zhangye through Bandukou

Then from Zhangye to Jiuquan, Dunhuang and Western ▼

Zhangye, located in the transitional zone between the Mongolian Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has presented complex and diverse landforms and landscapes under the miraculous craftsmanship of nature during hundreds of millions of years of geological activities. the three ecosystems of Qilian Mountain water conservation area, Heihe oasis and desert Gobi crisscross each other, and the landforms such as snow mountain glacier, forest steppe, colorful Danxia, fertile fields, wetland migratory birds and desert dunes reflect each other.

Zhangye City actually spans a variety of natural climatic zones

From plateau snow-capped mountain to prairie desert

(figure: google map) ▼

There are many flowing rivers in Zhangye, which provides convenient irrigation conditions and forms a fertile oasis. Zhangye City has a natural reputation of "half-city Reed". These Reed leaves are the first choice for people to pack zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival in Hexi region. Today, Zhangye is not only the largest corn seed production base in the country and the producing area of important crops such as grain, vegetables, melons and fruits, but also can grow rice rarely seen in the northwest, so Zhangye is known as "plugging the south of the Yangtze River" and "Jinzhangye".

Ejina River (Heihe River) can be said to be the mother river of Zhangye.

After leaving Zhangye, the river flows through Jiuquan in Gansu and Alashan League in Inner Mongolia.

Is a key water source in this desert.

In the northern foot of the Qilian Mountains, where there are many inland rivers in Zhangye, grasslands with rich vegetation have been formed. in addition to flocks of cattle and sheep dotted with beautiful grasslands, it has also made it the largest military horse farm in Asia-Shandan Army Racecourse. More than 30 film and television works have been filmed here, which not only makes Shandan Army Racecourse famous, but also makes it an ideal place for film and television production.

Because of such a good natural geographical environment and important traffic strategic position, during the period of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, after Huo went into Hexi and defeated Xiongnu, the Western Han government made it convenient for the six years of the Yuan Dynasty (111 BC), followed the original name of the minority language, and gave it the meaning of "Zhangguo arm Ye, with access to the Western regions", to buy Zhangye County.

The development of Hexi Corridor not only added "Liangzhou" to the Western Han Dynasty.

At the same time, it also opens the door to a broader western region.

Zhangye and Wuwei (Ganzhou and Liangzhou) are the key connection points of ▼.

As a result, Zhangye became the arm of the Central Plains dynasty to open up the frontier to the northwest and constantly consolidate and develop a unified multi-ethnic country. The retention of Gan (Zhangye) Liangliang (Wuwei) two prefectures was not only the foundation for the Central Plains dynasty to maintain its rule in the Hexi region, but also became the guarantee of jurisdiction, radiation to the Western regions and smooth flow of the Silk Road.

Zhangye is near Jiuquan. In the course of the historical development of the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation, Zhangye, which is located in the Hexi Corridor, has gradually become a place for the blending and gathering of various ethnic cultures.

As early as the pre-Qin period, the Heihe River Basin with rich water and grass was the beautiful home of the Yueshi people. The Xiongnu, who rose strongly at the turn of the Qin and Han dynasties, soon occupied the Hexi Corridor and took the foothills of the Qilian Mountains as their important pastures.

The Huns took advantage of the civil strife in the Central Plains to take advantage of the Hexi Corridor and gained a great advantage.

So that the Han Dynasty was quite passive in the strategic situation in the early years.

Not only has the south not yet been reunified, but the capital is under constant threat ▼

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a fierce competition between the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu in the Hexi Corridor, which ended with the defeat of Xiongnu in Mobei. The Hexi Corridor was incorporated into the territory of the Han Empire, and Zhangye County was established. The familiar Han Yuefu poem "Xiongnu Song" said: "the death of the Qilian Mountains, so that my six animals do not breed, the loss of my Yanzhi Mountain, so that my women have no color", happened in Zhangye at that time. The ambition of the son of Heaven, the extension of the empire to the west, and the royal racecourse to cultivate good products were all realized here.

Yanzhi Mountain is not only the cool throat, but also the origin of Zhangye culture.

During the turmoil in the Wei and Jin dynasties, in addition to "crossing south in clothes" to the south of the Yangtze River, many people migrated to the Hexi Corridor, which has been developed for more than 300 years. In the territory of the Hexi Qianliang regime run by Zhang Rail, farming, animal husbandry and commerce are developed, which is an ideal place to avoid war.

Because of the war, the merchants of the Western regions also stopped here.

As a result, it has become the new business center, ▼.

At that time, Guo he, a Confucian scholar who led his disciples westward from Guanzhong to Zhangye, decided to live here when he saw the sight of the green mountains and valleys of Linsong Xiegu. From then on, scholars in Hexi came one after another, and Guo he and his disciples Guo Geng, Liu Jie and others created a unique but prosperous Hexi Confucianism here. According to the Book of the Song Dynasty, the Hexi region has contributed 154 volumes of ancient books to the court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In addition to the works of local scholars in Hexi, there are also ancient books before the Western Jin Dynasty that have been lost for a long time.

Although Gansu is remote, its cultural heritage is as good as that of the Central Plains.

It is precisely because of the admiration of Zhang Qianliang

Guo Zhi once led his disciples to dig grottoes in Horseshoe Mountain as a retreat. During the reign of Juqu Mengxun in Beiliang, he, who was a great believer in Buddhism, built several grottoes in his reign, and the Horseshoe Temple Grottoes is one of them, which is located near the grottoes carved by Guo Kui.

It is now a Tibetan Buddhist grotto temple.

In the Ma'i Temple Grottoes, we can not only see the characteristics of Qiuci Grottoes in the Western region with distinct characteristics of ancient Indian Buddhism, but also find the image of Feitian mixed with the characteristics of Central Plains clothing. Buddhist art has taken an important step in adapting to Sinicization here.

It is a pity that after many wars

The Buddha statues and murals in the grottoes have been seriously damaged

During the period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, after the Sui army and Tiele defeated Tuyuhun, Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty began his journey to the west. After turning around Qinghai Lake, he traveled along the Silk Road from Bandukou to Yanzhi Mountain in Zhangye, where he met with the leaders of 27 countries in the Western region. It is recorded in history that "riding and swallowing, Zhou spans dozens of miles, to show the prosperity of China."

At that time, it was snowing heavily and most of the dead were frozen.

Bandukou is really close to the pass.

During the Xixia period, Zhangye was also promoted from the state (Ganzhou) to Xuanhua, becoming one of the four prefectures of the Western Xia Dynasty. During the Xixia period, Zhangye's agriculture and animal husbandry economy was developed, its commerce was prosperous, and its wealth ranked first in Hexi. The Great Buddha Temple in Zhangye was once the "Xixia Temple", which witnessed the rise and fall of the mysterious country of Xixia.

Here is the largest indoor sleeping Buddha in the country.

After Mengyuan destroyed Xixia, Gansu Province was set up in the former Xixia administrative area (its jurisdiction is quite different from today's Gansu Province). The name is taken from Gansu (Zhangye) and Suzhou (Jiuquan). As a result, the name of the provincial administrative region of "Gansu" not only had the imprint of Zhangye, but also became the governing place of Gansu province in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Shaanxi Xingdu Division was set up in the Hexi and Hehuang areas to the west of the Yellow River as an addition and supplement to the border areas, and the Shaanxi Xingdu Division was located in Zhencheng, Gansu Province (Zhangye). Gansu Town is the important town of the "nine frontiers" defense system of the Ming Great Wall, which dominates the Hexi military and is an important part of the defense system in the northwest and north of the Ming Dynasty.

In all previous dynasties of the Great Wall system, the location of Zhangye was actually an important part of ▼.

In Shuiyun Township in the north of Ganzhou City, with the development of history, Zhangye is trying to get rid of the traditional industrial pattern of agriculture and animal husbandry, focusing on developing new industries of ecological and environmental protection, and has a certain demonstration effect in Hexi region. In the past five years, the added value of the top ten ecological industries in Zhangye City accounted for 27.4% of GDP.

The service industry has developed most rapidly in Zhangye in the past 20 years, and its scale and growth rate can be said to be the highest in Hexi. Take out a "Tourism Map of Gansu Province" 20 years ago, you will never find colorful Danxia. After the big fire of film and television works filmed with Zhangye Danxia as location, such as "Sun Rises as usual", "Detective Di Renjie (3)" and "three-shot case surprise", Zhangye seized the opportunity to explore the characteristics of differentiated tourism and set off a large-scale development and promotion of colorful Danxia in 2005.

This "red bed", formed by tectonic movement, water and wind erosion of thick conglomerate and sandstone, has quickly become a tourist destination for domestic and foreign tourists.

The Flame Mountain in the Dream

In order to enrich the tourist landscape, strengthen the ecological environment protection of the Heihe River Basin, and reproduce the "water charm city" characteristics of Zhangye's "half-city Reed", in 2009, the construction of Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province was started. the scenes of Weixi, green grass, mountains and lakes and flowing springs recorded in the Ming and Qing dynasties gradually reappeared. From Runquan Lake to Lushui Bay, from Yushuiyuan to Zhangye Urban Wetland Museum, the size of 1347.65 hectares of wetlands is already similar to that of the urban built-up area in Zhangye Ganzhou District.

The dry water pond in Ganzhou is not as beautiful as the world.

The Lanxin high-speed railway was opened in 2014, and the opening of the high-speed railway has greatly improved the distance disadvantage of Zhangye as a tourist destination. When selecting the route, the Lanxin high-speed railway was not built all the way to the west along the Hexi Corridor. after considering the population size, consumer market, development-driven effect and other factors, it finally chose the route from Lanzhou through the Huangshui River Valley to Xining (the capital of Qinghai Province). Up and down the north through the Qilian Mountains to Zhangye.

The route selection of Lanxin high-speed railway compared with Lanxin railway

Bypassed the ▼ of Gansu cities between Zhangye and Lanzhou

Such route selection did not pass through the two major cities of Wuwei and Jinchang in the Hexi Corridor, but it shortened the train running time from Zhangye to Lanzhou, which won a broader market for the service industry represented by tourism in Zhangye.

From the processing industry of food processing and liquor brewing, to the tourism industry with the combination of natural ecological landscape, cultural and historical sites and large-scale performing arts performances, and then to the continuous promotion of global tourism construction, Zhangye's development of a new strategy is early and big.

To ride horses and camels, you don't have to go to Turkey to ride a hot air balloon.

In this magical Hexi corridor, war and prosperity are intertwined, beliefs and desires are intertwined, joy and sadness are intertwined, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang have turned dreams into reality. connect distant countries into a larger pattern. The pace towards the future is still going on, here is worthy of better expectations, but also worthy of your stop!

References:

1 Zhao Xiangqun: general History of Gansu, Volume of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Gansu people's Publishing House, 2009.

two。 Liu Jianli: general History of Gansu Song Xia Jin Yuan Volume Gansu people's Publishing House 2009.

3. Wu Mu: volume of General History of Gansu in Ming and Qing dynasties, Gansu people's Publishing House, 2009.

4. Gao Rong: general History of Hexi, Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House, 2011.

5. Zhao Shengliang: a brief History of Art in Dunhuang Grottoes, China Youth Publishing House, 2019.

6. Xie Yousheng: "work report of Zhangye Municipal Government-- at the sixth session of the fourth people's Congress of Zhangye City on April 10, 2021"

7. CCTV: documentary Hexi Corridor.

8. General situation of Zhangye City, website of Zhangye Municipal people's Government.

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