Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Earth knowledge Bureau (ID:diqiuzhishiju), author: cold Night Cold Star, revised manuscript: Chao Qian / Editor: Guo Guo

When it comes to Fujian, people's impression of her is often focused on the scenery and things related to the sea. But in fact, Fujian is a province with 80 per cent mountainous and hilly area, with coastal areas such as Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Putian and Ningde that can meet the sea.

Fujian in my impression: "ai pia tia e yia"

But in fact, the name of Fujian has always been a sign of the existence of mountains. Fujian's "Fu", Fuzhou, symbolizes the side of Fujian facing the sea, while Fujian's "construction" symbolizes the other side of Fujian's deep mountains and hills.

Actual 80% of Fujian: large areas of mountains and hills

So, where does Fujian's "construction" refer to? Today's article will take you to find out.

The value of the strategic offensive shows that if you open a contemporary map of Fujian Province and want to find the place name of Fujian's "Jian" in it, you will certainly have trouble, because in northern and northwest Fujian, there are three place names with the word "Jian" in Jianyang, Jianou and Jianning, and these three places are only county-level administrative units.

Is it one of these three "building", or is it all three, ▼?

So where on earth is the "construction" of Fujian? This should start from the development of Fujian Province in ancient China.

The mountainous and hilly terrain of Fujian not only leads to the scattered distribution of the main inhabited areas in river valleys, basins and coastal plains, but also makes Fujian in a closed area trapped by mountains and hills.

Fujian stretches across the Wuyi Mountains to the west and is blocked to the north by the hills of southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, such as Taimu Mountain and Donggong Mountain, so in ancient times when productivity was relatively backward, limited traffic conditions and modes of transportation made it difficult for the Central Plains dynasty to control here effectively.

"eight mountains, one water and one field."

It can be said to be one of the most rugged provinces in China, ▼.

During the Qin Dynasty, Fujian was initially brought into the scope of the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty. After unifying the six Kingdoms, Qin Shihuang made a large-scale southward expedition, took advantage of the opportunity to march here, and set up Minzhong County in 222 BC, and its county governance of Dongye is now Fuzhou.

The jurisdiction of Minzhong County is not limited to Fujian.

The "hand" stretched out in the north has reached today's ▼ in Zhejiang Province.

However, the central Fujian county at that time was different from the counties vertically managed by the central government of the Qin Dynasty in the Central Plains, and did not achieve effective jurisdiction. At that time, Fujian still retained the tribal regimes of Dongou, Minyue and other large and small, and continued to rule the original region, of which the most powerful was Min Wuzhu.

In the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, Wang Wuzhu sent troops to help Liu Bang defeat Xiang Yu. In 202 BC, Liu Bang made him king of Fujian and Yue, and had jurisdiction over the former place of central Fujian county. In 112 BC, there was a rebellion in the State of Minyue. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to counter the rebellion, he considered the dangers and obstacles of the land, so he moved the Minyue people at that time to the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin.

There are no kings of Fujian and Yue, and it is said that he is a descendant of Gou Jian, the king of Yue.

In the later Han Dynasty, due to the northward migration of Minyue, the reduction of population and the dangerous topography, most of the time was under the jurisdiction of Huiji County, and the permanent county governance was only Ye County (now Fuzhou). This shows that it is difficult for the Qin and Han dynasties to set up a ruling stronghold in Fujian.

At this time, Fujian belongs to Huiji County, which is ▼ on the edge of Yangzhou.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun ce and Sun Quan, who were entrenched in the east of the Yangtze River, sent troops many times to conquer the present-day Fujian area, and changed the county to Houguan County in 196 AD. They also set up a separate county administration-- the northern part of Houguan County, which is the strategic area leading to Jiangxi. Take the "Jian'an" name of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and buy Jian'an County (now Jianou).

Jian'an County is located in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southeast of the Wuyi Mountains and northwest of the Jiufeng Mountains. It crosses Wuyi Mountain to the north and reaches the Xinjiang River Basin of the Poyang Lake water system in Jiangxi Province through the watershed. Compared with other passageways into Fujian, the traffic conditions of this ancient road are relatively best, not only the advantages of combined water and land transport are obvious, but also the distance is shorter.

Geographically, Jian'an County is located in the natural post station ▼ from the Central Plains to Fujian.

Starting from Jian'an, you can not only reach Hou Guan directly down the Minjiang River, but also go up to western Fujian along the tributaries of Shaxi and Jinxi of the Minjiang River. Therefore, to control this place well is to grasp the traffic lifeline from the mainland to Fujian.

In 260 AD, the branch of the Soochow regime established Jianan County, which is located in Jian'an County, and its jurisdiction is roughly the same as that of Fujian Province today. At this time, Jian'an became the political center of Fujian.

In the third year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (282), Emperor Wu divided the jurisdiction of Jian'an County and set up Jin'an County, which was located in Houguan County. As a result, Fujian has become the pattern of the separation of the north and the south between Jian'an County and Jin'an County.

At this time, "Jianzhou" and "Fuzhou" began the first separation of the north and the south.

Early formation of ▼ in two major regions of Fujian

The game between mountains and seas was overshadowed with the development of the south of the Yangtze River during the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties and the southward migration of the population of the north due to the war, the coastal plain of southeastern Fujian and the river valleys of the Jinjiang, Jiulong and Tingjiang basins were developed, and the population was growing. During the Southern Liang Dynasty, the court set up Nanan County (now Quanzhou) in southeastern Fujian.

From this, the coastal areas of southeastern Fujian began to enter the line of sight of the rulers ▼

In the Sui Dynasty, the three counties of Jian'an, Jin'an and Nan'an were merged into Jian'an County, and the county governance was also moved from Jian'an (now Jianou) to Min County (now Fuzhou). As a result, Fuzhou's position as the regional political center has been consolidated.

Fujian area in Sui Dynasty

Returned to the name of "Jian'an County" two hundred years ago, ▼.

Tang Ruizong Jingyun two years (711), set up the governor of Minzhou, with Fujian, Jian, Quan, Zhang, Chao five states, of which Jianzhou state governance is in Jian'an.

In the thirteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (725), the governor of Minzhou was changed into the governor of Fuzhou, which was the first time the name of Fuzhou appeared.

At this time, Fujian area is under the jurisdiction of Jiangnan Dongdao ▼.

In the 21 year of Kai Yuan (733), in order to strengthen the border defense forces in this area, a military chief was established. The name of its strategic envoy is taken from Fuzhou and Jianzhou, and it is called Fujian Economic Strategy military envoy, which is the predecessor of Fujian observation envoy and Fuzhou envoy. As a result, the regional name of Fujian officially appeared, but this is not the source of Fujian today.

Fujian's "construction" is the establishment of the state, the governance of Jian'an County, that is, today's Jianou City. In the troubled times of the five dynasties and Ten Kingdoms at the end of the Tang Dynasty, Jianzhou briefly served as the capital of the local regime.

Jianou City, which seems to be quiet and insipid, has actually experienced many vicissitudes.

During the Huang Chao uprising, the local forces who rose up in troubled times emerged one after another. when the control of the central government of the Tang Dynasty further declined, a local armed force originated in Zhangzhou, Fujian, and gradually grew under the leadership of Wang Chao and Wang Shengzhi. Gradually occupied the five states of Fujian. Later, Tang Zhaozong appointed Wang Chao as the Fujian observation envoy.

After Wang Chao's death, he handed over the military and political power to Wang Shengzhi. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, Liang Zhu Wen was named King of Fujian in 909 and established the capital Minhou (now Fuzhou).

In 933, Wang Yanjun officially became emperor and changed to Yuan Longqi.

Take Fuzhou as the ▼ of Changle House

After Wang Shanzhi died of illness, his children suffered many tragedies of cannibalism as a result of the struggle for power. in 943 AD, Wang Yanzheng, the youngest son of Wang Shengzhi, was scolded for remonstrating his brother Wang Xi, and he called himself the emperor of Jianzhou, which was named Da Yin. As a result, Jianzhou became the capital of this short-lived local regime.

The following year, there was another mutiny in Fuzhou, and Wang's young and old, including Wang Xi, were slaughtered. Wang Yanzheng and the Wang people in other counties joined forces to suppress the rebellion in Fuzhou, and finally all of them recovered the original land of Fujian. Fuzhou was still established, with Fuzhou as the eastern capital, and the country was renamed Fujian.

Unfortunately, only a year later, the army of the Southern Tang Dynasty captured Jianzhou and the State of Fujian perished.

Today, the Drum Tower rebuilt in the center of Jianou City

At least it can be traced back to the time of Wang Yanzheng.

It can be seen from the above that Jianzhou in history is an important city with considerable political and military status and Fuzhou, but today's Jianou City is a county-level city administered by Nanping City. As a result, many people will ask the question: "Why did the status of the two most important cities in Fujian in the Tang Dynasty be reduced in the later period?" In fact, the question itself is wrong!

The establishment of Fujian Economic Strategy is mainly due to military factors.

Economic factors are not taken into consideration.

So "Jian" was selected, but "Spring" was not selected.

This is because since the emergence of the word "Fujian Economic Strategy", the relevant geographical records of "Fujian Economic Strategy" in the Tang Dynasty have always been "Fu, Quan, Jian, Zhang and Hu". "Jian" only ranks third, and "Quan" is the second largest city in Fujian.

Quanzhou, which is mistaken for "catching up from behind"

In fact, since the emergence of "Fujian"

Ranked second for a long time.

Why did Jianzhou fail to keep its position as a prefecture-level city in the end?

This is because, first of all, during the period of Fujian Road in the Northern Song Dynasty, Shao Wujun (now Shaowu), who controlled the important land on the border of Fujian and Jiangxi in the original jurisdiction of Jianzhou in the Tang Dynasty, and Nanjianzhou, which is located at the confluence of Jianxi and Xixi and can radiate the whole upper reaches of Minjiang River (now Yanping District, Nanping City). Such administrative division adjustment undoubtedly weakens the importance of Jianzhou in northern Fujian.

▼ of Fujian Road in the Northern Song Dynasty

In the first year of Duan Gong in the Northern Song Dynasty (988), Jianzhou was promoted from Cishi prefecture (military prefecture) to Jianning prefecture. At this time, the administrative division of the state was still established, not for the Jianning army.

In the 32 year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jianzhou City was upgraded to Jianning Prefecture because the city of Jianzhou was the place where King Zhao Yu (Xiaozong of Southern Song Dynasty) was stationed. After that, the place name of "Jianzhou" was completely replaced by "Jianning".

In the sixth year of Yuan Dade (1302), Nanjian Road was changed to Yanping Road, and the place name "Yanping" has been used all the time.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court visited Zhongshu Province in Fujian and other places in today's Fujian Province, but this Fujian is still not the source of the name of Fujian Province today, because Fujian and other places have not only been repeatedly revoked, but also encountered renaming.

Yuan Zhong Shu Province in Fujian Province

Later, it was changed to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province, and ▼ was not installed in Fujian Road.

Until the early Ming Dynasty, the court announced the envoys of Fujian and other places. since then, the name of Fujian continues to this day, which is the official source of the name of Fujian Province today. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Fujian and other places such as Zhongshu Province and Fujian announced that the envoys of the Government and the Fujian Economic and Strategic envoys of the Tang and Song dynasties and Fujian Road were all named Fujian, so why can only Fujian in the Ming Dynasty be regarded as the source?

In terms of jurisdiction, Fujian in Ming Dynasty is consistent with modern ▼.

The answer is also very simple. The problem during the Yuan and Ming dynasties has been solved. The logic of naming Fujian in the Tang and Song dynasties is different from that in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Fujian in the Tang and Song dynasties took the place names composed of Fuzhou and Jianzhou, while Fujian in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties first arranged a series of place names, and then took the first words of two of them. In order to avoid misunderstanding, the full name was specially added the word "etc." The choice of these two initials happens to be the famous Fu and Jian in previous history, not simply following the old system.

Fujian is not the only place named in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, as is the case in Anhui in the Qing Dynasty. The origin of Anhui is that Anhui Ningchi Tai Lu Fengfu and Guang announced that the envoy department was simplified to "Anhui envoy department" and then simplified to "Anhui". This does not mean that the name of Anhui comes directly from the first words of Anqing and Huizhou at that time.

"Ningchi Tai, Lu Fengfu and Guang in Anhui Province have announced the Department of political envoys."

→ "Anhui Cheng announced that the envoy department" → "Anhui" ▼

It is worth mentioning that the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties basically continued the administrative division pattern of the two Song dynasties in northern Fujian.

However, after the Opium War broke out in 1840, Fuzhou and Xiamen were forced to become trading ports. With the development of modern shipping and the impact of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement on the inland shipping network in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the coastal areas of Fujian developed rapidly and foreign trade gradually prospered. However, the vast mountainous areas in the interior of Fujian have become cheap producing areas of raw materials and dumping places for industrial goods.

After the Opium War, Fujian tea can be exported directly from home.

(about 1890 Fuzhou Tea Factory Picture: wiki) ▼

The tea-loving Englishman brought the fleet to Fuzhou to sweep the goods.

(photo of the Tea Fleet in Fuzhou in 1866: Wiki) ▼

During the period of the Republic of China, the administrative divisions of Fujian were adjusted frequently, of which two changes directly led to the transformation of Jianning into the present county-level Jianou city.

First, during the period of the Beiyang government, due to the implementation of the three-level administrative district system of provincial roads and counties, the whole province of Fujian was changed to four roads, and the original three areas of Jianning, Yanping and Shaowu were merged into Jianan Road, but the governance office was located in Nanping (now Yanping District of Nanping City). As a result, Jianning became a simple county-level administrative unit and once lost its status as a regional political center.

Second, in the process of setting up a county, the government cities with two attached Guo counties were merged into one county, so that Minxian County and Houguan County were merged into Minhou County, and Jianan County and Ouning County were merged into Jianou County, from which the name of Jianou was born.

During the period of Beiyang government, the whole province of Fujian was divided into four ways:

Minhai Road, Xiamen Road, Jian'an Road, Tingzhang Road ▼

After the founding of New China, Jianou and Nanping became prefecture-level special areas at the same time, but in 1951, Jianou area moved from Jianou County to Jianyang County (now Jianyang District, Nanping City), and renamed Jianyang District. In 1956, Jianyang area was abolished and all 9 counties under its jurisdiction were merged into Nanping area.

From 1970 to 1988, Jianyang served as the resident of Nanping area for another 18 years. In 2020, the government of Nanping moved from Yanping to Jianyang again.

I went back to Jianyang ▼ after a stroll.

It is only about 100 kilometers from Chongyang River to Jianxi, but there has been a legend of three cities competing to become administrative centers. They are the continuation and inheritance of ancient Jianzhou, even though the word "Jian" has disappeared in the sequence of administrative divisions at the prefecture level in Fujian, but the mountains and rivers are still here.

Jianyang surrounded by mountains, the years are quiet.

Wake up from the excruciating aroma of tofu powder and taste the delicious taste in Jianou flat food and blast furnace light cake. when the graceful minced chicken knocks open your taste buds, the smoothness of Pearl Nadi may evoke your infinite remembrance of the history of this "golden treasure land".

What can evoke homesickness most is the delicious food in my hometown.

Reference:

1. Fujian Provincial Historical Atlas compiled by Fujian Local Chronicles compilation Committee, published by Fujian Map Publishing House, April 2004.

two。 General History of Fujian, edited by Xu Xiaowang, Fujian people's Publishing House, March 2006.

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