Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

In this issue, the editor will bring you about how to use Frostbyte, the new JVM language from ZeroTurnaround. The article is rich in content and analyzes and narrates it from a professional point of view. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

ZeroTurnaround is proud to release Frostbyte, a new language based on the JVM stack. The language is born out of the helplessness of using standard Java software stacks and tools. This language is promising to be the answer to a large number of JVM languages over the years. We have some confidence and believe that Frostbyte will solve the social and engineering problems that software developers deal with together.

The most critical innovation of Frostbyte as a stack-based language is the use of parenthesized Polish expression syntax. Instead of pushing instructions onto the stack and then executing a command, we allow you to code in another way, a way that makes you feel more natural.

Frostbyte code mapping is very close to Java bytecode, and the overhead of any code is obvious. We have selected some that can strike a balance between simplicity and functionality, so that you can replace most Java programs.

Example

Let's take a look at the most basic hello world example:

Fun main: = (call echo "Hello World!")

Frostbyte allows you to define binary blocks, which are always called inline. For example, the following is an example of using the standard library echo binary blocks:

Chunk echo: = (with System (with (get out) (call println...)

After extending hello world:

Fun main: = (with System (with (get out) (call println "Hello World!"))

Frostbyte replaces String with Ropes as the primary text type, but Ropes is converted to String, such as implementing existing Java code:

Fun main (args: Rope []): = (echo (with "Hello," (call concat (args head)

If the above code is saved as a hello.fb file, you can execute it with the fb command:

> fb hello Jim Hello, Jim

Frostbyte is a fully internationalized language. In fact, the built-in default language is Estonian (Estonian), but the language is detected from every source file. Other languages provide simple conversion files-English (UK) and Russian are supported by default. For example:

K ö is=Rope esik=main kaja=echo v ttes=with kutsu=call j ä tka=concat head=pea

Estonian (Estonian) expresses hello.fb as follows:

Fun esik (argumendid: K ö is []): = (kaja (v à ttes "Hello," (kutsu j ä tka (v à ttes argumendid (kutsu pea))

You can provide translation mapping for your own code-escaping will be stored as a declaration in the .class file. Frostbyte IDE (coming soon) will understand these escapes and give code completion based on the language of your choice.

Of course, a language introduction is incomplete without dealing with the Fibonacci problem, so there are several ways we can deal with it. Using if statements and recursion is one method. We try to avoid using the if statement because it is really a degenerate form of pattern matching. One method of pattern matching in Frostbyte is to describe the pattern in function parameters and provide separate function bodies for each case.

Fun fib (0): = 0 fib (1): = 1 fib (n): = + (call fib (- N1)) (call fib (- N2))

As you can see, for example, the + and * operators require the call keyword. You can also use the op keyword to wear your own operator.

Pattern matching can also appear in the body of a function as an expression. Here is an example of Estonian (Estonian). We will introduce code blocks, loops / closures, and let (olgu) keywords.

/ / get current time as Aeg (Time) type amps praegu: Aeg: = p ö ra (v à ttes System (kutsu currentTimeMillis)) Aeg / / Funktsioon, mis leiab raamatukogust laenutatud raamatud, / / mille tagastamisega on hilinetud v i mis on rikutud fun leiaHilinenudRaamatud: = (olgu raamatud: = v ttes Andmebaas (kutsu leiaLaenutatudRaamatud); v ttes raamatud (kutsu koonda (raamat-> ons?)

(uus Hilinemine raamat) ons? (v ta rikutud?)-> (uus Rikkumine raamat)

To make Estonian (Estonian) intelligible, the translation mappings are listed below:

Amps=chunk praegu=now Aeg=Time p ö ra=convert olgu=let koonda=collect (filter + map) ons?=case (introduce a pattern) uus=new raamatud=books raamat=book t ä htaeg=due date etc.

Complex example

Let's take a look at a more complex introduction to classes:

Class Vector2 (x: Double, y: Double): = / / dot product op ‌ (that: Vector2): = + (* (get this x) (get that x)) (* (get this y) (get that y))

We can write (get this x) as (with this (get x)), but we also with keywords to shorten:

Op ‌ (that: Vector2): = (with this (+ (* (get x) (get that x)) (* (get y) (get that y)

But more importantly, if we write with X or Y, the tuples of X and Y will be put on the stack, and any access to these fields or methods will alternate between X and Y.

Op (that: Vector2): = (with this or that (+ (* (get x) (get x)) (* (get y) (get y)

We can look at the pattern of all cycles again, and then reduce the cycles:

(with this or that (+ (* dup (get x)) (* dup (get y)

The dup keyword will copy the next binary instructions, but using it in conjunction with this or that means that * (get x) will become this.x and the next (get x will program that.x), which is an awesome feature.

Binary code

I bet you are curious about the binary code generated by Frostbyte. Let's take another look at the unfolded hello world.

Fun main: = (with System (with (get out) (call println "Hello World!"))

Javap will generate these:

0: getstatic # 16; / / Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 3: ldc # 22; / / String Hello World! 5: invokevirtual # 24; / / Method java/io/PrintStream.println: (Ljava/lang/String;) 8: return

It is true that the conversion is quite straightforward: with System (get out) is converted to getstatic in this case. Then "Hello World" becomes ldc, and then call invokevirtual. Call is always converted to invokestatic,invokevirtual or invokespecial, except when it is used to extend a chunk, in which case it will be replaced by chunk, and any parameters will be inserted into the bitemarks (for example, in echo chunk,. Is a bitmark)

Chunk echo: = (with System.out (call println...))

Frostbyte 1.0 development blueprint

The language is still growing, but we are very close to the public beta version. In order to make version 1.0, we have some awesome plans:

First class co-monads

Kabanov-Raudj ä rv type inference

Lazy chunks

Goto statement with labels

Dynamorphisms

However, we are still working hard for the public version. Here are some links to familiarize yourself with the language and large versions of the update:

Frostbyte 1.0 Language Specification

Documentation, Tutorials and Examples

API reference

This is how the new JVM language Frostbyte from ZeroTurnaround is used by the editor. If you happen to have similar doubts, please refer to the above analysis to understand. If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

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