Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

On March 10, 1876, there was a conversation in Bell's lab:

"come here, please, Mr. Watson. I'm looking for you."

"I heard Bell calling me! I heard Bell calling me!"

This spacious conversation marks the birth of the first telephone in the world. After that, the telephone entered people's lives and led the world into a new mode of communication. So what are the stories before the first call is successful?

The invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell (Alexander Graham Bell), was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, England, and graduated from University College London.

At the age of 26, Bell was hired as a professor at Boston University to study and teach the language of the deaf-mute. In his spare time, he also studied teaching equipment and devoted himself to the cause of invention.

Before the invention of the telephone, people used Telegraph most often. However, the Telegraph can only receive or send one message at a time, so the communication efficiency is very low.

Many scientists are working on a Telegraph machine that can send multiple messages at the same time, that is, harmonic telegrams, and Bell is also involved.

Once, when Bell and his assistant Watson were doing experiments in two rooms, a spring on the Telegraph in Watson's room was glued to the magnet, and the spring vibrated when Watson pulled it open.

At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the Telegraph in his room also vibrated and made a sound, and it was the electric current that transmitted the vibration from one room to another.

Bell thought: if a person speaks to a piece of tin, sound waves will cause the tin to vibrate. If a magnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will generate a corresponding current in the solenoid, which can be transmitted to the distance through a wire, and similar devices in the distance will vibrate and make a sound.

In this way, the sound is transmitted to the distance along the wire, and this is the coveted phone. In a letter to his mother that night, he predicted: "the day will come when friends can stay at home and talk to each other without going out."

According to this idea, Bell made a two-year attempt to convert electric current into sound waves and produced two rough prototypes. The prototype can convert sound waves into electricity, as well as into sound waves, but it just can't talk.

After that, Bell was inspired by the resonant sound of the guitar (the air resonance occurs inside the resonant box of the guitar, amplifying the sound of the strings) and improved experimental devices such as microphones to increase sound sensitivity.

On March 10, 1876, when Bell was experimenting with the device, Bell shouted to the phone, "Mr. Watson, please come here. I'm looking for you." This led to the conversation we had at the beginning, and from then on the telephone was born.

The year after Bell invented the telephone, the first telephone line in Boston was opened.

In 1878, Bell successfully conducted the first long-distance telephone experiment between Boston and New York.

Soon the telephone was popularized in Europe and America and spread all over the world. Since then, "thousands of miles to spread sound" is no longer a fantasy, but every ordinary person can practice "universal martial arts"!

The road to the invention of the telephone is full of twists and turns, and the acquisition of the invention right of the telephone is not plain sailing. At that time, a total of three people were involved in the battle for the right to invent the telephone: Bell, Eliza Gray (Elisha Gray) and Antonio Mayucci (Antonio Meucci).

On February 14, 1876, Bell applied for a "telephone" patent with the United States Patent Office.

Just two hours after Bell filed the patent application, Gray filed another patent application for the phone, the liquid phone.

In the 1870s, Gray and Bell engaged in a telephone lawsuit that lasted for more than a decade to compete for patents for inventions.

In the end, the court ruled against Gray based on factors such as the difference between Bell's magnet phone and Gray's liquid phone and the filing of a patent application a few hours earlier than Gray.

Mayucci invented the talking Telegraph in 1855 and presented his research in an Italian newspaper in New York in 1860.

Later, due to living difficulties, Mayuzzi had to sell the "talking Telegraph" and even lost the patent because he could not afford to pay the patent fee.

On June 11, 2002, Resolution 269 of the U.S. House of Representatives said that the machine called teletrofono, which Mayucci showed in New York in 1860, already had the function of telephone, and that Mayucci was the inventor of the telephone.

However, the Canadian House of Representatives formally passed a resolution on June 21, reiterating that Bell was the inventor of the telephone.

Although the postscript is still controversial as to who invented the telephone, there is no denying that Bell has obtained the patent for the first available telephone in the world. In addition to inventing the telephone, Bell also made great achievements in other areas:

Made hearing aids.

Invented a device to examine the metal inside the human body (the predecessor of the X-ray machine).

Improved the phonograph invented by Edison.

He made a great contribution to the invention of deaf-mute language.

Founded the British Association for the Promotion of Deaf Education.

Founded Bell telephone Company (the predecessor of AT&T, the second largest mobile operator in the United States).

……

This is the end of today's introduction. The telephone has experienced more than a hundred years from its invention to the present. With great development, we now use mobile phones far beyond the function of calling.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: ZTE documents (ID:ztedoc)

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