Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

During this period of time, "three-body" TV series have become popular on the Internet, whether they have seen the original works or those who are not interested in science fiction. The various concepts in the story also began to break the circle quickly, from science fiction enthusiasts to the general public.

One of the most important and basic concepts is the name of the play, the three-body. At first, many people don't know what "three-body" means and what exactly it means. In fact, the English version of the name is more straightforward-the three-body problem (The Three-Body Problem).

The "three-body" English version of the three-body problem usually refers to a physical problem in celestial mechanics, which refers to the mechanical relationship between three particles under gravity, corresponding to the three stars that move irregularly in the story.

The play shows us how three irregular stars bring disaster through a "three-body game", which also serves as a clue to solve the mystery of three-body. The main task in the early stages of the game is to try to find the laws of the three stars in a variety of ways (that is, to solve the three-body problem).

But we know that the three-body problem is actually unsolvable, you can't get a perfect answer, there is no analytical solution. That is to say, even if you can write a formula, you can't get an exact solution, and the error of the result will increase exponentially with the increase of the time span.

Because the three-body problem is a chaotic system which is very sensitive to the initial value, similar to the butterfly effect. As long as a numerical value changes a little at the beginning (such as the error caused by the accuracy of the calculation), the change will be magnified quickly after a certain period of time, and the end result will be very different. As the saying goes, "an error of an inch is a mistake of a thousand miles".

With regard to the unsolvability of the three-body problem, with the advance of the plot of the game, the play also explained to the audience.

Then since the three-body problem is unsolvable, why bother to study it?

First of all, from the perspective of the play, like Shen Yufei, the salvation faction in ETO (three-body Organization of the Earth), they hope to save the three-body civilization by solving the three-body problem.

"three-body" stills (Shen Yufei) another kind of people are mathematicians like Shen Yufei's husband Wei Cheng. in solving the three-body problem, they can be seen as a kind of mathematicians' obsession, an obsession in dealing with difficult problems from the bottom of their hearts.

"three-body" stills (Wei Cheng) actually, although there is no analytical solution to the three-body problem, it has a numerical solution, that is, you can give several numbers pertinently, and then work out a solution. Because of the inevitable error and accuracy problems in the calculation, we can only get less accurate results in a certain period of time. Although this method is not so accurate and the prediction results are only short-term, you can modify the results by constantly collecting new data. So in theory, it should not be a problem to make a "weather forecast" with the ability of a three-body person.

But it is also said in the show that the planet in the trisomy world is the last of the previous 12 planets, and it will be swallowed up by stars like those 11 planets in 1.5 million years. Therefore, it is not so important for the trisomy person to have a solution to the three-body problem. After all, neither numerical solution nor analytical solution can change the fate of planets being swallowed by stars.

After talking about the reasons in the play, let's look at it from a realistic point of view.

The three-body problem in reality was first put forward by Newton in 1687. Although the problem has been simplified again and again, this problem still perplexes every generation of mathematical masters, including Euler, Poincare, Hilbert and so on.

Poincare was the first to realize that it is often chaotic for general three-body problems, so chaos theory has become a new branch in the field of mathematics. It can be said that the study of the three-body problem has directly promoted the development of mathematics.

Poincare's study of the three-body problem not only has theoretical significance, but also shows practical significance in application.

Although most of the three-body situations are chaotic and cannot be accurately predicted, some regular special situations also exist.

For example, for three points of the same mass, one is located in the center and the other two are symmetrically distributed on both sides. As long as the two move around the center synchronously, then the system is regular and stable.

Similarly, you can place three points at the three vertices of an equilateral triangle, and then rotate around the center together.

Even no matter how complicated it is, there is this eight-shaped mode of operation and so on.

What is the use of studying these special situations?

Remember the Weber Telescope launched before, which is currently operating near Lagrange L2 in Japan. The sun, the earth and Weber make up a three-body system. Because the mass of the spacecraft is much smaller than that of the other two celestial bodies, and three of them are in the same plane, this situation is called the "restricted three-body problem".

In addition to the L2 point, the L1 point closer to the sun is often used to place solar detectors. In the future, China's solar detectors will also use L4 and L5 points in order to better observe the propagation of solar storms.

In addition to the sun-earth Lagrangian point, the earth-moon Lagrange point is also a permanent residence for some spacecraft. For example, the Magpie Bridge relay satellite, which is used for real-time communication between the earth and the moon, operates near the Lagrange L2 point of the earth moon.

The Magpie Bridge relay satellite, which is located at Lagrange L2, shows that without the research on this issue made by Lagrange and others at that time, our exploration of space would not have been what we are today.

Sometimes it doesn't matter whether a problem is solved or not, what matters is the process of finding the answer and the courage to face it. It is like facing the three-body man for three days again and again, knowing there is nothing he can do, but still unremittingly refuses to lie down, because "finding a way out for yourself" is the underlying logic for the continuation and development of every civilization. Just like knowing that we are regarded as bugs, we can't stop the trisomy from coming, but our belief in survival still makes us firm-- "bugs have never been really defeated."

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Linvo says ID:linvo001, author: Linvo

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