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With the development of new energy vehicles for 20 years, which provinces and cities have grabbed this "big cake"?

2025-01-16 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > IT Information >

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Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

The original title: "in the 20 years since the development of new energy vehicles, which local governments have grabbed this" big cake "? "

Over the past 20 years, the Chinese government has planned an unprecedented industrial policy on the automobile industry, with an investment of almost no less than one trillion yuan. In the eyes of some economists, these policies are called "distorting the allocation of resources," and public opinion is desperately shouting: "fraudulent compensation,"overheating," and "policy failure."

Today, amid all the opposition, the average penetration rate of new energy vehicles in the first nine months of 2021 is more than 12%, and the average permeability for the whole year will exceed 16%, compared with 5.4% in 2020.

Among the most interesting topics in this industrial change, there must be "which provinces and cities are rising and which are in decline".

It can be said that the changes in the industrial structure are not always exciting. How to divest, eliminate and reinvent the failed and backward production capacity at the minimum cost is a special proposition in front of the Chinese government.

In the era of traditional fuel vehicles, the pattern of China's automobile industry is centered on six major state-owned automobile factories, namely, Changchun FAW, Shanghai SAIC, Beijing BAIC, Guangzhou Guangzhou Automobile, Wuhan Dongfeng and Chongqing Changan. If there is no technological iteration, then the pattern is hard to change.

However, with the roaring policy of the new energy vehicle industry, in 2014, the state began to exempt the purchase tax of new energy vehicles, began to subsidize private passenger cars in 2015, and the 13th five-year Plan proposed to promote new energy vehicles. Under the call of the central government, various local governments have become active one after another, with money and land, and they should give policies and policies.

However, the tuyere came, blowing not only opportunities, but also bubbles. Some people who do not have the strength to build cars also covet generous subsidies and preferential policies.

The economically developed Jiangsu Province, for example, stressed in its 2021 government documents that it would eliminate backward production capacity and control seriously unreliable car-building projects. Jiangsu has actively introduced a large number of new car-building forces, such as Singularity, ideal, Future, Land Ark, Boxun, Sailin and so on. The Changzhou Government Industrial Fund has also participated in the financing of ideal cars. However, except for the ideal, the rest are basically turned into chicken feathers, the future car is in arrears and goes bankrupt, the singularity has not been built for six years, and Boxun has been established for four years. Last year, the capital chain broke and announced to give up building cars. Sailin burned nearly 6 billion yuan, only sold more than 30 cars, and went bankrupt.

The new energy automobile industry, reshaping the urban agglomeration in central China, we all know that the automobile industry chain is very huge, ranging from raw materials and parts to manufacturing and sales, so the automobile industry chain will form industrial clusters and provide a large number of jobs to reshape the local economy.

In the past, due to special historical reasons, China's automobile industry was mainly concentrated in Northeast and North China. Today, the rise of central China has not only shaken the traditional industrial areas, but also formed a central city cluster of new energy vehicle manufacturing industry mainly in Chongqing, Hefei and Wuhan.

First let's take a look at Chongqing.

Perhaps the most difficult thing in the world is not to start from scratch, but to transform and upgrade in the face of huge sunk costs.

Chongqing as an important base of traditional cars, Changan Department took root in Chongqing in the early days. However, the ship disaster turned around, in the face of the new energy tide, the response of Chongqing automobile industry is obviously a little "slow". After 2016, Chongqing's automobile industry suffered a cliff decline, with production falling to a low of 1.383 million vehicles in 2019.

What should Chongqing do?

As China's best city to engage in "industrial policy", Chongqing believes that traditional mainstream car companies have a larger scale, stronger R & D strength and system competitiveness forged for many years than the new power of car building, which can be the curse of stock. it can also be an advantage on the road to upgrading. For this reason, Chongqing does not introduce the new power of car-building, but relies on the original car enterprises to transform to new energy vehicles on the basis of the strong automobile industry.

In October 2017, Chang'an released the Shangri-La Plan, a new energy strategy, announcing that by 2025, the sale of traditional fuel vehicles would be completely stopped and full-spectrum products would be electrified. In May 2021, Avita Technology, a subsidiary of Changan, gathered the advantages of three leading companies in the era of Changan, Huawei and Ningde to position high-end smart electric brands.

Today, the production capacity of Changan Automobile and Changan Ford's new energy vehicles is amazing. According to incomplete statistics, there are 14 automobile manufacturing plants in Chongqing, of which Changan Suzuki plant has a planned production capacity of 450000 vehicles and Changan Ford's Chongqing first, second and third plants have a production capacity of 115vehicles (combined production capacity of fuel vehicles). In addition, BAIC New Energy, Dongfeng Xiaokang and other new energy vehicle plants with Huawei's intelligent driving participation are also building factories in Chongqing, and their production capacity is gradually taking off.

Next, let's look at Wuhan.

In 2003, it was a landmark time for Wuhan automobile industry. Since then, Wuhan automobile industry began to rise.

In September 2003, Dongfeng Motor Company, which was originally headquartered in Shiyan, Hubei Province, moved its headquarters to Wuhan Economic and technological Development Zone because of its geographical location. Dongfeng Avenue Viaduct is a supporting road built to facilitate the operation of enterprises.

In 2012, SAIC GM also came to Wuhan, bringing not only the whole car factory, but also the establishment of engine gearbox production line and general parts suppliers. Since then, BYD and Geely have also landed vehicle projects in Wuhan.

French DPCA, Japanese Dongfeng Honda, American SAIC General Motors, Chinese Dongfeng passenger cars, BYD, Geely Automobile and other vehicle companies, as well as world-famous parts manufacturers such as Bosch, Cummins, Valeo and Getrak, have jointly built a perfect automobile industry ecosystem in Wuhan.

Today, Wuhan has gathered 13 vehicle factories and 6 new energy plants, which can be regarded as one of the densest areas of the automobile industry in the country.

Wuhan is not only the stronghold of Dongfeng, but also like Lantu, Lutes and Xiaopeng, which have settled their factories in Wuhan, driving Wuhan's new energy vehicle manufacturing to make a continuous breakthrough.

Finally, let's take a look at Hefei.

Dan Bin, a famous private equity investor, once said: "the best investment institution in China is the Hefei municipal government." Yes, the Hefei municipal government is a master of "investment promotion". It is especially good at "bottom-copying", that is, looking for weak links in the strategic industrial chain, looking for enterprises with technological potential, and then providing heavy support.

In 2020, many people knew that Hefei invested 7 billion yuan when the capital chain of the new car-building power Lailai was the tightest. This investment made Li Bin, the founder of Lvlai, later sigh that Hefei let Weilai walk out of ICU.

Today, the main bearers of Hefei's new energy vehicle industry are Lailai and BYD. Weilai Hefei plant and BYD Hefei plant have planned the manufacturing capacity of 1 million vehicles and 300000 new energy vehicles respectively.

At present, after Weilai and BYD, Hefei has attracted Volkswagen and other automobile companies to invest and build factories in Hefei, becoming the only city on the list of Automobile Stars that does not have a strong car-making history, but relies on excellent investment and decision-making arrangements to pry up the new energy vehicle manufacturing industry chain.

In the development track of the new energy vehicle manufacturing industry in Hefei, we can see the decision-making ability of the local government, which is an indispensable important factor in the new energy vehicle industry.

Treasure basin: the Yangtze River Delta, which brings together key parts, and the Pearl River Delta, according to the industrial law, the key parts of intelligent cars are bound to produce aggregation effect. It can be said that the treasure trove of key parts of China's automobile industry is in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.

Battery industry is concentrated in Changzhou, Ningde, Yibin, Hefei and Xiamen.

Sensor industry is concentrated in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Tianjin.

Semiconductor chip industry is concentrated in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wuxi, Chengdu and Nanjing.

Intelligent driving enterprises are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Guangzhou and Suzhou.

Intelligent cockpit enterprises are mostly concentrated in Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Wuhan.

The power semiconductor industry is concentrated in Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Chongqing and Xi'an.

From this we can see that the territory of new energy vehicles has developed around the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, while the northeast and central regions have obviously lagged behind. It should be noted that car companies are now in multi-location layout, with headquarters, R & D centers and manufacturing plants distributed in different cities.

For example, Xilai is located in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hefei. Xiaopeng's R & D center is located in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Zhaoqing and other places. Ideally, it also begins to build a factory in Beijing. When car companies choose to enter the station, they will consider policy, industrial base and talent factors, which brings opportunities to many cities.

We take it apart to see that Shanghai and Suzhou are the two cities that appear most frequently.

Shanghai, where the strength of semiconductor chips is not to be underestimated, grew by 15% from January to September despite the difficulties of last year's epidemic. You know, the demand for chips for a fuel car is only 300, but for high-end smart cars, that number has increased more than tenfold.

Shanghai, Suzhou, why?

The semiconductor industry is technology-intensive and needs mature industrial policies. After all, Shanghai is the only city in China that can attract a large amount of foreign investment, absorb early technology, and have local R & D talents, talents studying in the United States and other human resources. Some data show that there are as many as 13 financing cases of Shanghai automobile chip enterprises in 2022. Automobile factories can be transferred, but all kinds of key technologies are difficult to transfer.

Even if it is so difficult for 2022, many companies still choose Shanghai. For example, Yi Rui Semiconductor and Gartland Electronics also focus on IC R & D and production such as sensing and control, and millimeter wave radar chip R & D and production. For example, SAIC has successively invested in companies such as black sesame, a supplier of self-driving chips, and Shanghai Core Titanium, a manufacturer of MCU.

Shanghai's success is difficult to replicate, but it can be expected to take Shanghai as the origin, which has led to the rise of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, such as Suzhou, Wuxi and Hangzhou.

In addition to semiconductors, the two cores of intelligence in the automotive industry also lie in intelligent cockpits and self-driving.

At present, in terms of self-driving and intelligent cockpit performance, super-first-tier cities are still highlands for technology and commercial applications, and it is not surprising that Beijing and Shenzhen have become leaders in the development of self-driving and intelligent cockpit industries, respectively.

For Beijing, bold policy trial and error has made him a pioneer in autopilot.

When the boots landed in May 2022, Beijing issued the "unmanned Test permit", which allowed self-driving vehicles to remove the main driver for the first time, which opened a new experimental window for self-driving commercial operation. at the same time, it also provides more reliable data for the development of self-driving technology.

Under the leadership of Beijing, cities across the country have gradually launched a commercial autopilot competition for fear of missing the next urban growth point.

Once the policy is opened, private capital will pour in. At present, self-driving companies, including Baidu Apollo, Momenta, Miomo Zhixing, Heduo Technology, Chuefei Technology, easy-to-control Intelligent driver, Qianhang Technology, Leader Technology, Smart Walker, Deepway and so on, have their headquarters in Beijing. Of the 30 companies, these resident autopilot leaders have caused the head goose effect in Beijing.

Let's take a look at Shenzhen, which has taken the lead in the intelligent cockpit industry. As a pioneer of China's reform and opening up, Shenzhen is good at high-end manufacturing and has the ability to firmly grasp the incomparably complex industrial chain.

We should know that the hardware of the intelligent cockpit industry involves display panels, power devices and cockpit chips, while the software involves vehicle maps, navigation, voice and visual DMS algorithms, as well as various intelligent cockpit operating systems and software platforms.

Even if the industrial chain is complex, Shenzhen can bring a large number of powerful companies together here. There are as many as 104 companies related to intelligent cockpits in Shenzhen, including Huawei, Valeo, Ofiguang and Tianma Microelectronics, which have cut into the industry in the direction of intelligent visual display, operating system and software.

In the end, in this industrial change, it is not difficult to find:

China's automobile industry takes the north, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as the core, showing a posture of outward radiation, and finally blossoms everywhere in central China, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and other regions, forming a new energy vehicle manufacturing, battery, sensor and other intelligent automobile industry clusters.

We can see that, first of all, as an important city of traditional fuel vehicles, the northeast region lags behind in the era of new energy vehicles due to the slow transformation of local car companies.

Second, some provinces with less powerful tankers are on the rise. Such as Anhui and Zhejiang. Although they have the foundation of the automobile industry, the traditional vehicle brands are not prominent, and the government hopes to seize new opportunities to actively introduce car companies such as Ulai, Zero run, Weimar and so on. Guangxi has also developed with Wuling Hongguang electric cars.

Third, in some places, oil cars are very strong, while trams are still very strong, such as Shanghai and Guangdong. These places have three conditions: policy, industrial base and talents at the same time. For example, there are not only BYD in Guangdong, but also new power car companies like Xiaopeng.

It should be noted that car companies are now in multi-location layout, with headquarters, R & D centers and manufacturing plants distributed in different cities. For example, Xilai is located in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hefei. Xiaopeng's R & D center is located in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Zhaoqing and other places. When car companies choose to enter the station, they will consider policy, industrial base and talent factors, which brings opportunities to many cities.

In this great industrial reform, it is not difficult to find that the deep complementarity between the promising government and the efficient market is the fundamental reason for the success of China's industrial policy.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: automotive News Agency (ID:automobile-news). Author: Zhu Yujia

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