Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Tyrannosaurus Rex wandered in its "garden". Its shape of more than ten meters, coupled with sharp teeth and thick skin, made the creatures around it afraid and far away, and no one dared to think about it.

After the birth of the earth, various geological events, including volcanoes and earthquakes, emerged one after another, the energy brought by the sun pressed the switch of the ever-changing situation, and the rise and fall of the moon quietly induced the sea water to trigger tides. Even wandering asteroids in the solar system repair the Earth from time to time.

With the change of stars, the harsh environment on the earth's surface has finally improved, and the prosperous and growing life begins to write its own history again. As a result, the earth's geological environment is constantly changing under the shape of these forces, along with the types of matter in the earth's crust.

In order to better study the process of the earth's evolution, geologists have compiled a "geochronological" spectrum for the earth in a special chronological way.

This "geochronological" spectrum is a timetable for describing the history of the earth, and scientists determine the chronological standard scale of all strata according to its hierarchical series. In this chronological method, the earth's 4.5 billion years of vicissitudes are divided into three "continents", namely, the Archean, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic we are spending.

The Phanerozoic began about 570 million years ago, and it is divided into three "generations": the Paleozoic era lasted about 250 million years ago, the Mesozoic era took over 65 million years ago, and the Cenozoic generation continues to write the story to this day. Each generation is divided into different "periods", and each period is made up of several "ages".

The warm Mesozoic era created the miracle of life and reproduction, and it is worth mentioning that mammals appeared in the Triassic. Whether it is the Triassic, Jurassic or Cretaceous, it is the age of reptiles, which left behind many fossils of large animals, especially dinosaurs belonging to reptiles, which flourished in the Mesozoic era.

In the literary works created by human beings, dinosaurs almost became the spokesman of life in the Jurassic period, and Tyrannosaurus Rex was the overlord of that era-however, the study of the dinosaur family proved that Tyrannosaurus Rex did not appear until the Cretaceous. This is the era of the rise of feathered, winged dinosaurs or early birds.

According to the fossil imagination, Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus Rex face off under the rule of Tyrannosaurus Rex, and there are many dinosaur species roaming every corner of the land. they are also indispensable members of the Mesozoic era: spinosaurs with spears challenge their supremacy, Triceratops with horns are unwilling to be reduced to rival food, Diplodocus, nearly 10 stories high, cranes its neck to dominate the herd, and winged pterosaurs are training gliding skills.

However, after a disaster, they all disappeared. All the grudges went up in smoke, and only the rough flying skills became the magic weapon for birds to rule the sky later.

Up to now, there are different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs, the most popular of which is that a small planet about 10 kilometers in diameter hit the earth, which caused a series of disastrous consequences. Many creatures, including dinosaurs, became extinct in the process.

Today, we can still find the remains of this asteroid on Earth, and they have also become an important basis for modern people to study the evolution of life. It's not surprising, as we already know, that matter doesn't disappear out of thin air, it just turns into a new form and remains.

Even a small meteor can leave a mark on the earth. After entering the earth's atmosphere, these meteors usually heat up violently because of the friction of the air, eventually disintegrate or burn, leaving only tiny particles, scattered in the air, and finally fall to the ground. Larger meteors may also fall to the ground in the form of meteorites, some of which are dominated by rocks and some of which are dominated by metallic iron. Before mankind learned the technology of smelting iron, it was these meteorites that provided the best metal materials for making objects at that time.

In short, the atmosphere is like a huge protective net for the earth, forcing all kinds of uninvited intruders to slow down or even "confiscate" them directly to prevent them from causing great damage to the earth.

But the 65 million-year-old asteroid was so big that the atmosphere had no choice but to let it go on a rampage.

In fact, not only the air atmosphere, but also the rocky crust failed to stop the behemoth-the moment it landed, it was enough to cover a modern big city. And its inertia was so great that it crashed into the mantle, leaving a crater about 180 kilometers in diameter in present-day Mexico, which became the basis for scientists to restore the disaster at that time. No earthquake or volcano on earth has had such terrible power, so it is no wonder that it was able to end this long Mesozoic era.

For the world in which dinosaurs lived, no buildings would be lost, but the crisis of life reproduction really came.

The huge impact quickly changed the geological environment of the earth, earthquakes and volcanoes came one after another, and the sea rippled huge waves as high as mountains. The high temperature caused by the violent collision also caused a long-lasting mountain fire, and the whole earth was filled with the smell of apocalyptic burning, and the ashes mixed with the dust raised by the asteroid impact spread to all corners of the wind and landed on the ground.

The garden loved by Tyrannosaurus Rex was destroyed. Similar to the unprecedented volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, the earth, shrouded in dust and fog, could no longer receive enough sunlight, fell into a barren winter, and photosynthesis was significantly weakened. as a result, a large number of plants no longer grow and reproduce, or even become extinct.

For those herbivorous dinosaurs, plants no longer grow, meaning there is a shortage of food. They trek hard to survive, but although the earth is large, there is no place to provide them with water, grass and fertilizer habitat. Finally, the last hungry herbivorous dinosaur fell.

The news, for carnivorous dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus Rex, is like a countdown to extinction. With the carrion that can be seen everywhere, they may be able to survive for a while. However, new prey will not appear again, and they will not last long.

In short, the age of dinosaurs is over.

When we always tell this story over and over again, have we ever thought, is it really the unexpected asteroid that killed the dinosaur?

Indeed, it has smashed a shocking scar on the earth, and countless creatures have been displaced because of it, and many of them have come to an end, and from then on they can only curl up in dirt and rocks, and after thousands of years of changes, they may be buried deep under the sea from now on. I may have the honor to see the light of day again and become a "fossil" in the museum.

The fate of dinosaurs was tragic, and all dinosaur families did not survive. But dinosaurs are lucky-none of the species that went extinct with them received as much attention as they did.

Whenever we solemnly look at the fossilized bones of dinosaurs, we will marvel: their size is really too big.

In the absence of asteroids, giant dinosaurs were the world's main consumers, from microbes to plants to herbivores, who diligently created all kinds of food and eventually sacrificed to ferocious dinosaurs. Obviously, this is a biosphere system built around dinosaurs, in which matter flows and drives life to multiply.

When the disaster came, the system gradually failed, and the garden on which the dinosaurs lived fell apart. Dinosaurs consumed the most resources and naturally became the most difficult group in this disaster.

From frugality to extravagance is easy, but from extravagance to frugality is difficult. This truth is not only established in the Grand View Garden of Jia Fu in A Dream of Red Mansions, but also applies to the Jurassic Park where dinosaurs lived.

On the contrary, mammals, which originated in the Mesozoic era, benefited from misfortune in this disaster. They are generally similar to today's mice, and their weak bodies are no match for dinosaurs at all. However, dinosaurs are reptiles, the body temperature will change with the outside world, will rest at night, mammals that can maintain a constant body temperature will use this gap to find some food residue.

It is because the need for survival is so humble that mammals are strong enough to survive the bleak winter days after the asteroid impact. After entering the Cenozoic era, the niche vacated by dinosaurs was filled by mammals. Today, as the leader of mammals, human beings think of themselves as the masters of the planet.

Photo Source: pexels, the dinosaur died not so much on that asteroid as on its own size. Although the earth is a big planet with a diameter of more than 10, 000 meters and is extremely rich in material resources, it needs to be properly managed to sustain profligacy by creatures like dinosaurs.

Compared to Earth, a 10-kilometer asteroid is like an ant crawling at our feet, but it is enough to disrupt the entire Earth's material delivery system, just as an ant can cause pain.

However, even without this asteroid, the extensive way of life of dinosaurs could not have been sustained for a long time. Any change in the earth's surface could wipe them out. In the end, if not gloomy, they will probably have to return like whales to the ocean where life originated, where they can provide enough material for these large lives for the time being.

However, this can only be said to be temporary.

Wen Yuan: "telling teenagers about material Science" author: sun Yafei, some of the pictures in the article come from the network copyright belongs to the original author. Editor: Zhang Runxin this article comes from the official account of Wechat: Origin Reading (ID:tupydread), author: sun Yafei, Editor: Zhang Runxin

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