Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

As we all know, the planet we live in is surrounded by oceans. It can be said that the earth is actually an ocean planet.

However, human beings know very little about the ocean, according to statistics, only about 5%, in our impression that heaven is more difficult than entering the sea, the actual situation is just the opposite, but human beings have never stopped exploring the ocean.

Photo source: the pixabay ocean feels unfathomable and mysterious, and the submarine that can travel freely in the ocean is also full of mystery, so many people will wonder how the submarine rises and descends in the ocean, where the oxygen comes from, and how long it can stay dormant.

Submarines are also called submarines, and submarines even have a nickname Blackfish, which is a kind of ship that can continue to dive in the water for a period of time and distance.

There are many types and sizes of submarines, ranging from civilian diving detectors that can only allow one operator to dive for a few hours, and strategic strike nuclear submarines that can accommodate hundreds of people and continue to dive for several months.

Photo Source: pixabay submarines are also widely used in military, scientific research, search and rescue, submarine cable maintenance, underwater tourism and many other industries and fields.

The history of the development of submarines can be traced back to the 16th century, and they were called "ships that can dive". But at that time, this kind of ship with strong concealment was not accepted, mainly because it was not gentlemanly enough.

Until before the first World War, the submarine was not taken seriously by people, and it was not optimistic about its future.

At the end of World War I and World War II, the great power of submarines on the battlefield was revealed. The ability of submarines to hide at the bottom of the sea and then launch unexpected attacks was accepted by all countries, and submarines developed rapidly.

Especially with the development of technology, the military use of nuclear submarines with mute and longer endurance capability has been infinitely magnified and become a military weapon developed by all the great powers.

The characteristics of submarines the submarines can develop better and better, which is mainly related to some of its characteristics.

First of all, it has a strong self-sufficient ability to sail in the deep sea for a long time, far away from the base, and sail to far places.

Submarine has a very good concealment, in wartime can quietly around the enemy rear to launch a sudden attack, with a strong deterrent.

There are strong winds and waves on the sea, but this is not the case under the sea, so submarines are safer than other surface vessels.

However, because it has to go deep into the deep sea, it is difficult for submarines to communicate and does not have the same observation distance as on land.

Photo Source: the manufacturing of pixabay submarines requires very high technology, technology and materials, and a variety of supporting equipment, so there are not many countries in the world that can develop and build their own submarines.

How does a submarine work? a submarine can rise and sink freely in the water, so how does it do it?

Any object on the earth will be affected by its gravity, and in the water will also be affected by buoyancy, gravity down buoyancy upward.

Objects have their own density, and objects with different densities will show different states in the water.

When the density of the object is greater than that of water, the gravity is greater than the buoyancy and the object will sink.

When the density of the object is less than that of water, the buoyancy will be greater than gravity, and the object will float up.

When the density of the object is the same as that of water, then the object will be suspended in the water.

If we want to sink an object whose density is less than water, we can only increase the unit density of the object, so if the volume of the object is constant, we can change its state in the water by changing the density of the object.

The submarine uses this principle to design a number of water tanks inside it to adjust the rise and dive, and to maintain the balance of the submarine, it is also achieved by adjusting the amount of water in different tanks.

The fish in the water also use this method, the fish use the fish bubbles in the body, by inflating and deflating inside to achieve floating and diving.

In addition to using storage tanks for ascending and diving, submarines also use elevators, which can change the depth of submarines by changing the angle of the elevators and cooperating with thrusters, so the ascending and diving of submarines are usually completed by the cooperation of storage tanks and elevators.

What is the pressure on a submarine? any object in the water will bear the tremendous pressure of the surrounding water, and the same is true of the submarine. The deeper the submarine is, the greater the pressure will be.

Every 10 meters, the submarine will increase the pressure of atmospheric pressure, and when the submarine is under 500 meters of water, its shell will bear about 50 atmospheric pressure per square meter, which is equivalent to more than 500 tons per square meter of area.

Image source: pixabay so submarines need stronger shells if they want to dive deeper, and many submarines are now made of solid titanium alloy, which makes submarines have higher energy to withstand pressure.

At the same time, the submarine is designed as a water drop structure, which can achieve the pressure on the dispersed shell, thus reducing the pressure per unit area of the submarine shell, and this design can also reduce the resistance during navigation.

Where does the oxygen in the submarine come from? the submarine sails in the water for a long time, which requires a continuous supply of oxygen to the crew working in the airtight submarine, so where does the oxygen come from?

Early submarines needed to surface every few hours, or a depth of several meters underwater, using vents to deliver oxygen to the boat and exhaust gas out of the boat.

Later, submarines began to use oxygen-making equipment, using air regeneration to make oxygen, and the exhaust gas was treated to separate carbon dioxide, which was then processed by oxygen-making equipment to produce oxygen, so that the air in the submarine could be recycled, so that the submarine could stay underwater for 4-7 days.

On the other hand, the more powerful nuclear submarine adopts the electrolytic water method, which can separate oxygen from the water through electrolysis and can continuously supply oxygen to the submarine. theoretically, the nuclear submarine can sail underwater for many years, but considering the tremendous pressure suffered by the crew in the airtight environment for a long time, the nuclear submarine will not stay in the water for more than three months.

At present, the world record of underwater sailing time for nuclear submarines is set by the Chinese navy, with a time of 90 days. The picture in this article is taken from Youtube "Meet the First Submarine Used in Combat".

The gif is intercepted from Youtube "The Largest Submarine in The room. Navy"

This article is from the official account of Wechat: manufacturing principle (ID:zhizaoyuanli), author: Lao Zheng

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