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2025-01-19 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > IT Information >
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Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--
In the real world (whether human or alien), is it possible that super materials like the shell of "water droplets" can be created?
If you want to say which weapon is the most impressive in the "three-body", it must be the "water drop". I know that some people will definitely choose "two-way foil". After all, the "true dimensionality reduction blow" that directly turns the world into two-dimensional is obviously much stronger than water droplets. However, compared with water droplets, which is a bit reasonable, the two-way foil is so rebellious that this setting is too "illusory" and not so "science". So water droplets that are closer to reality are more likely to impress people.
The detector of Water droplets in the three-body (Art Picture) Da Liu in the original work spends a lot of space describing the physics involved in water droplets. The shell of a water droplet, for example, is an absolutely hard substance made of strongly interacting materials. According to the book, the atoms in this material have been firmly nailed down one by one, resulting in four words-invincible! Even diamond, which is claimed to be the hardest substance in the solar system, is like a piece of tofu.
Whether this material can be made or not, we need to know what the "strong interaction" in Da Liu's mouth is.
Atoms crucified by strong interactions in a three-body (schematic) We know that nuclei are usually made up of protons and neutrons. Neutrons are not charged. For positively charged protons, there should be a lot of repulsion between them. But these very close protons do not fall apart. instead, they are firmly bound together to form a very stable nucleus (except for radioactive elements), thanks to the "strong interaction".
The strong interaction of the four basic interactions is also called strong force, which is the strongest of the four basic forces. Its strength is 137times that of the electromagnetic force, 1 million times that of the weak force (10 ^ 6), and 11000.0001 trillion times that of gravity (10 ^ 39). However, although the strength is strong, its action distance is very short, only about 10 ^-15 meters, that is, the size of the nucleus, which we can hardly come into contact with in daily life, and it is classified as a short-range force.
Because there is a difference of five orders of magnitude between the atom and the nucleus, if a football field is regarded as an atom, the nucleus is only equivalent to an ant on the grass.
Since the approximate ratio of atoms to nuclei is only at the nuclear level, it is obviously impossible to nail atoms as large as water droplets one by one. Unless there is some way to change the force from a short-range force to a long-range force like an electromagnetic force.
As we said before in the quantum series, power itself is a long-range force. Because strong gluons, like photons that transmit electromagnetic forces, have no mass and theoretically travel at the speed of light. And unlike the strength of the electromagnetic force, which decreases with the increase of distance, the force is the only force whose strength does not decrease with the increase of distance. So what limits its scope? That's right, quark lockdown.
When the two quarks are far enough apart, the energy of the gluon that binds it is strong enough to form a new quark, so the force cannot show the effect of long-range force, it only works in the interior of hadrons such as protons and neutrons.
Quark confinement (schematic) you may wonder: that's not right. Didn't you just say that positively charged protons are bound together because of strong interactions?
Indeed, in this process, there will be some excess strength left over, "overflow" to the outside of the Hadron. This residual force becomes the force that binds the proton, which is called the "nuclear force". In other words, there is no strong interaction between hadrons directly caused by gluons, and those protons and neutrons are actually bound by these residual nuclear forces. This nuclear force decreases rapidly with the increase of distance, so the scope of action of the force finally stays at the nuclear scale.
The way conceived by Liu in the original work is to make the electromagnetic forces cancel each other out through some kind of "force field generator", which leads to the overflow of strong interaction forces. Although the exact principle is not clear, this sounds a bit similar to the "strong overflow nucleation force" just now. It's just that this so-called "force field generator" is a little too illusory. Is there any other more feasible way in reality?
In the case of following the existing laws of physics, if you want to break the distance limit, it is tantamount to breaking the quark confinement. so the most direct and effective way is to increase the temperature (although this is not in line with the original setting that the surface of water droplets is close to absolute zero).
How much will it be raised to? This can be calculated and requires a high temperature of at least 1 trillion degrees. Yes, this is the ambient temperature of the universe at the beginning of the Big Bang "quark-gluon period".
In addition to increasing the temperature, increasing density is also a way. Is to let the quarks no longer pair in twos and threes, but huddle together one by one.
Either way, what we get is a quark-gluon plasma (quark-gluon plasma, QGP) called "quark soup".
Don't think it's ridiculous, it's actually been made in real life, and of course it's only a tiny amount of particles.
In 2005, scientists first produced quark-gluon plasma in the heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. This is a near-perfect Fermi liquid with very low viscosity and almost no friction resistance. Seeing this description, I immediately felt that the name "water drop" was really appropriate.
But although this kind of quark-gluon plasma is more like a "liquid", you may not be able to do it if you hit it hard. Because in terms of density, it does exceed all the matter in the solar system, even better than neutron stars. After all, the interior of the neutron star only stays in the neutron degenerate state, if this limit is broken, it is estimated that only theoretically existing quark stars dare to fight it.
In this way, the strongly interacting material of the water droplets simply nails the atoms, but the quark soup goes a step further, nailing the quarks directly. Imagine: if the human warships in the Battle of Doom were made of some kind of quark soup, the result might be a different story.
This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Linvo says ID:linvo001, author: Linvo
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