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The limitations of contemporary supercomputers and their impact on global academia and institutions are attracting the attention of the scientific community. For example, researchers can use current techniques to perform more complex simulations, such as those that focus on chemistry and the reaction properties of each element.

However, as the complexity of these interactions increases, they become more challenging for today's supercomputers. Because of the limited processing capacity of these devices, it is almost impossible to complete these types of calculations, which forces scientists to choose between speed and accuracy when conducting these studies.

To provide some background for the breadth of these experiments, let's start with the example of hydrogen atom modeling. There is only one proton and one electron in hydrogen, and researchers can easily conduct chemical reactions manually or rely on computers to complete the calculation. However, depending on the number of atoms and the entanglement of electrons, the process becomes more difficult. To write every imaginable result of an element like thulium, it contains an astonishing 69 electrons that are twisted together and will take more than 20 trillion years.

Obviously, this time is too long for us, we must need a new way out.

Quantum computers open the door to a whole new world full of possibilities. The scientific community has known the equations needed to simulate chemistry since the 1930s, but it is not until recently that computers with the ability and reliability to perform these calculations have been built.

Today's quantum computers provide the speed that researchers need to imitate all aspects of chemistry making them significantly predictable and reducing the need for laboratory testing. Colleges and universities may be able to use quantum computers to increase their existing knowledge of chemistry. Consider that potential time and cost savings may be achieved if quantum computers can eliminate the need for laboratory testing during the research. In addition, since there is no computational power to master chemical properties before, this step may lead to a big step forward in chemical properties previously unknown in the world.

01. Quantum computing in practice

Many companies are already using quantum computing. For example, IBM is working with Mercedes-Benz, ExxonMobil, CERN and Mitsubishi Chemical to implement quantum computing into their products and services:

Mercedes-Benz is exploring quantum computing to create better batteries for its electric cars. The company hopes to shape the future of modern electric vehicles by implementing quantum computing in its products and to have an impact on the environment by implementing quantum computing in its products in an effort to achieve carbon neutrality by 2039. It is very difficult to simulate what is going on inside the battery, even with the most advanced computers today. However, using quantum computing technology, Mercedes-Benz can more accurately simulate chemical reactions in car batteries.

ExxonMobil is using quantum algorithms to more easily find the most efficient route to transport clean-burning fuel around the world. Without quantum computing, it is almost impossible to calculate all the route combinations and find the most efficient route combination.

The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) is trying to discover the secrets of the universe. Using quantum computing, CERN can find algorithms to pinpoint complex events in the universe in a more efficient way. Quantum computing, for example, can help CERN find patterns in large Hadron Collider (LHC) data.

Mitsubishi Chemistry Mitsubishi Chemistry and Keio University teams are studying a key chemical step in lithium-oxygen batteries: lithium superoxide rearrangement. They are using quantum computers to "accurately simulate what is happening inside a chemical reaction at the molecular level".

02. Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computing

Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize the financial, pharmaceutical, artificial intelligence and automotive industries in the next few years, fundamentally changing the world around us.

The value of quantum computers comes from the probabilistic way they operate. By directly using the probabilistic computing style rather than simulating it, computer scientists have demonstrated potential applications for fast search engines, more accurate weather forecasts, and accurate medical applications. In addition, quantum computers represent the original motivation for the development of quantum computing and are very useful in directly simulating quantum mechanics.

Perhaps the main attraction of quantum computing is that it can solve problems faster, making it ideal for applications that need to process large amounts of data (for example, aerospace logistics, drug manufacturing, molecular research, or other areas where normative processes are used at the atomic level).

However, creating a powerful quantum computer is not easy and involves many shortcomings. The sensitivity of quantum computing system to extreme temperature is one of the main disadvantages. In order for the system to work properly, it must be close to absolute zero, which poses a major engineering challenge.

In addition, qubit quality is not what it needs. After a given number of instructions, qubits will produce inaccurate results, and quantum computers lack error correction to solve this problem. Because of the number of wires or lasers needed to make each qubit, it is difficult to maintain control, especially if the goal is to create a million qubit chip.

And quantum computing is expensive: the cost of a single qubit can be as high as $10000.

Finally, if standard information systems and encryption methods are used for malicious purposes, they will be overwhelmed by the processing power of quantum computers. The reliance of these computers on the principles of quantum physics enables them to decrypt the safest data (for example, bank records, government secrets and Internet / email passwords). Cryptographic experts around the world will need to develop encryption techniques that can withstand possible attacks from quantum computers.

03. The influence of Quantum Computing on higher Education

The education sector has been looking for new opportunities for growth and prosperity. Many higher education institutions have begun to conduct extensive research on quantum computing, making use of the unique properties of quantum physics to usher in a new era of technology. including computers capable of currently impossible computing, ultra-secure quantum networks and strange new quantum materials.

Researchers at Oxford University are interested in quantum research because of its huge potential in areas such as health care, finance and security. The university is considered a pioneer in the field of quantum science around the world. The University of Oxford and the University of York demonstrated the first working pure-state NMR quantum computer.

Researchers at Harvard University have set up a community group, the Harvard Quantum Program for Science and Engineering, to make significant progress in the fields of science and engineering related to quantum computers and their applications. According to the team's research, the "second quantum revolution" will expand on the basis of the first quantum revolution, which is responsible for the development of global communications, technologies such as GPS flight and medical breakthroughs such as magnetic resonance imaging.

Researchers from the Department of Physics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the physical Science Laboratory at the University of Maryland are part of the Joint Quantum Research Institute, which is "committed to the goal of controlling and utilizing quantum systems".

Researchers at MIT have built a quantum computer and are studying quantum algorithms and complexity, quantum information theory, measurement and control, and applications and connections.

Researchers at the Center for Quantum Computing and Information at the University of California, Berkeley are studying basic quantum algorithms, cryptography, information theory, quantum control, and experiments with quantum computers and quantum devices.

Researchers at the University of Chicago Quantum Exchange are focusing on developing new ways to understand and apply the laws of quantum mechanics. CQE encourages cooperation, joint projects and exchange of information between research groups and cooperating institutions.

Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China are exploring quantum optics and quantum information. The main areas of interest include quantum fundamentals, quantum communication based on free space and optical fiber, superconducting quantum computing, quantum simulation of ultra-cold atoms, and quantum metrology theory and related concepts.

One widespread impact on higher education is that quantum computing will open up new careers for tomorrow's students. In addition, the technology will allow accurate forecasts of the overall growth of the job market and the demand for skilled and knowledgeable workers in all areas.

In the near future, the power of quantum computing will be unleashed in machine learning. In the field of education, quantum-driven algorithms will make informed decisions about students' learning and defects, just as quantum computing is expected to revolutionize medical classification and diagnosis.

In addition, quantum computing will power a new era of personal learning, knowledge and achievement. This will be achieved by processing large amounts of student data in a timely manner, and quantum computers may eventually be able to control the design of programs that can adapt to the students' unique achievements and abilities, as well as backfilling specific areas where students may need help. These aspects of quantum computing are very important for achieving the goal of truly personalized learning.

Any of the relatively few physical quantum computers in the world can be accessed through the cloud. These computers, including 20+IBM Quantum System One, are currently installed more in the United States, Germany and Japan, and more are planned to be installed in the United States, South Korea and Canada.

Anyone with an Internet connection can log on to a quantum computer and receive an education in the basics of quantum programming. For example, IBM offers a variety of quantum-centric educational programs, including access to quantum computers, teaching support, summer schools and hackathons. The The IBM Quantum educator and researcher program and Qubit's introduction to Quantum Computing are just two examples of quantum computing resources that educators and students can access.

Such initiative is absolutely necessary. Colleges and universities around the world need to work together to narrow the current knowledge gap in quantum education and prepare for the next generation of scientists and engineers.

Conclusion Quantum computing revolution is taking place. We have just entered a new era of computing. Next-generation computing is not the next-generation hardware, but the next-generation algorithms and computing methods.

Quantum computers use the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems. Compared with classical computers, the state of quantum systems is probabilistic in nature. This means that quantum computers can handle many times as many calculations as traditional computers.

05. The main participants in extended reading quantum computing can be divided into four categories: the first category is international technology giants, such as IBM, Google, Honeywell, etc.; the second category is quantum computing start-ups, such as Rigetti, IonQ, etc.; the third category is national scientific research institutes, such as Fermi National Laboratory (Fermilab), Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne National Laboratory), Chinese Academy of Sciences Quantum Information and Quantum Science and Technology Innovation Institute The fourth category is high-level research universities, such as Cambridge University, University of Science and Technology of China, Harvard University and so on.

At present, quantum computers can only deal with one or several aspects of problems, and they have not yet reached a universal level. Quantum technology companies not only need to spend a lot of money to develop quantum computers, but also need many researchers to design and manufacture quantum hardware and software to support these machines.

In the future, general-purpose quantum computers need to make efforts in many aspects, such as underlying quantum physics equipment, quantum computer architecture, quantum resource scheduling, upper quantum programming language, quantum algorithm and quantum application software. The following are the latest technological and commercial developments related to quantum computing that are typical of the quantum computing industry.

Geographical distribution of major participants in global quantum computing in 2021 the information provided in this article is for general guidance and information purposes only and shall not be regarded as investment, business, legal or tax advice under any circumstances.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: new Research (ID:chuxinyanjiu), author: Yousef Fazea, compiled by Tang Poetry

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