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2025-02-21 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > IT Information >
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These days, almost everyone keeps several pots of plants at home, and although many people raise a dead pot or even the cactus, which is said to be the best to feed, this does not stop them from keeping up. Some people just want to add a little green to their home, while others like to fiddle with plants and watch quietly in their spare time. But has it ever occurred to you that plants are likely to be perceptual, and that whenever you stare at them, they are also staring at you?
Who doesn't keep a few plants? Figure / pixabay in recent years, more and more evidence shows that plants behave like animals in many cases: they fight each other in order to survive, they can quickly change themselves to adapt to environmental changes, they can identify their relatives and enemies, and some plants that grow in groups even show ant-like sociality.
Scientists have been studying these abilities of plants since the 1970s. At the earliest time, they found that some plants could secrete various toxic substances, which were released into the soil through Rain Water leaching and other actions, thus poisoning other kinds of plants around them. For example, spruce can release salicylic acid, and salicylic acid is brought to the soil under the forest by Rain Water, thus inhibiting the growth of shrubs near the spruce roots.
Not only are there few shrubs under the spruce forest, but so are many other tree species / pixabay. Then, as technology advances, scientists begin to discover that plants can also respond to animals and share this information with their companions. For example, the famous nicotine, which is originally secreted by tobacco to protect against insect damage, is a deadly poison that can poison most insects, or chemicals such as tannins. these substances can make the plant itself taste bad, making it impossible for animals to eat. And more interestingly, once a plant is injured, other plants around it will also react, such as an increase in the content of certain toxins in the body.
Although tobacco is now used to make cigarettes, the purpose of this plant's nicotine synthesis is to prevent animals from nibbling / pixabay. Plants can even quickly identify their own plant enemies and relatives. Dodder, for example, is a parasitic plant that likes to be parasitic on tomatoes. Scientists have done experiments in which dodder is placed between tomatoes and wheat. Dodder quickly chooses to cling to tomatoes after slowly swaying-- obviously because they have some kind of sensory organ in their bodies that can smell the presence of tomatoes. On the other hand, plants will identify their relatives and take care of their relatives, and all plants will expand their roots in the soil to absorb nutrients. Even among the same kind of plants, the competition is very fierce, but once it is recognized that the next door is their relatives, the root expansion of plants will slow down. Therefore, in contrast, the roots of related plants growing together will be much smaller than those of unrelated plants. At present, scientists have found this phenomenon of kinship recognition among wheat, rice, corn and other plants.
In addition to these phenomena, some plants also show true sociality.
Perhaps everyone who has seen the documentary about ants will be impressed by them, and each group of ants is like a small society, building miniature kingdoms underground. They have a clear occupational division in the population: the queen responsible for breeding, the male responsible for mating with the queen, the soldier ant and the worker ant responsible for guard and care.
Seven different classes of worker ants among leaf cutters (left) and two forms of queen (right) figure / wikipedia in the ant kingdom made up of these ants, different ants have their own functions, and some species have even developed habits similar to grazing, sowing or farming. For example, some ants graze aphids. Ant colonies drive aphids to places where there is plenty of food on the back of leaves to take care of them, and expel natural enemies for aphids. After the aphids are fed and drunk, they will secrete honeydew. At this time, ants will poke aphids with their antennae to squeeze out these honeydew, just like humans milking cows. Other leaf cutters cut off the leaves and place them in the dark and damp parts of the nest and use them as petri dishes for fungi to harvest fungi.
For ants grazing aphids, the green dot is aphid map / selfie scientists call it true sociality that there is a clear division of labor in groups like ants, that there are multiple generations, and that some individuals take care of other young individuals. True social creatures are born with a fixed professional division of labor, they are selfless and fearless, and they are extremely efficient, and some people are so inspired that they have invented a "Zerg" based on these true social insects. Whether in the famous game StarCraft or in the famous movie StarCraft, we can see the Zerg.
The Zerg in the "Galaxy Battle" are fearless and adaptable, and are powerful opponents of human beings. in the past, it was thought that true social creatures could only appear in animals. But recent discoveries have increasingly shaken people's view that some plants may also have this magical true sociality.
If we often drill into the groves, we may be lucky to see some lovely plants that grow abruptly on the living trunks and decorate them green. These plants are called epiphytes, mostly ferns, especially in the humid south.
If you look closely at the plants parasitic on trees, you can find this situation in many woods / pixabay. Today's protagonist is such an epiphyte-Ceratopteris bifida. This plant is native to Australia, but now it is also widely cultivated in China for gardening and ornamental. when it is cultivated, it may grow alone in the soil, but in its hometown in Australia, it will be attached to the trunk, and at most hundreds of plants will grow on one trunk, their roots and stems expand, and their branches and leaves grow in all directions. It looks like an oversized hornet nest with many leaves.
Ceratopteris bifida / flicker scientists recently conducted a special study of these clumps of antler ferns when they investigated these ferns on Lord Howe Island, an overseas isolated island 600km off the coast of Australia. The study found that the inflated roots of these antler ferns are actually a public resource pool, where water and nutrients are stored, from which any individual can draw these nutrients, because these plants are epiphytic on the tree trunk. there is neither soil nor water, so they stretch their roots intertwined together. The antler fern will grow some leaf-like tissue near the root, and will die immediately after maturity, but will not fall, but will grow with these roots and retain them forever, as the plant continues to grow. their roots are constantly intertwined with leaf-like tissue, thus becoming a huge nest-like reservoir of water and organic matter.
What is more interesting about Lord Howe Island / wikicommon is that the plant leaves above the nest repository will grow into large oval leaves, and multiple leaves can gather Rain Water into the center of the nest repository like a trumpet, while the leaves of plants growing close to the nest repository below the nest repository will grow into round, spongy leaves, which may be used to block the bottom of the repository. Prevent moisture from leaking downward. Moreover, the lower the plant, the weaker the reproductive ability, or even no reproductive ability at all, and the higher the plant, the stronger the reproductive ability-in fact, about 40% of plants like this group may be completely sterile. This means that some of these plants give up their reproductive ability and concentrate on working for the benefit of the whole group, which is a bit similar to the worker ants in the ant colony. In addition, among these plants, their newly propagated larvae tend to grow in the middle of the repository, where they are nutritious and easier to grow-which may be a less obvious process of caring for the next generation.
The round leaves at the roots are specially formed for the public repository, and the plant sterility map / wikicommon at the bottom of the repository takes into account that the plants we have seen above communicate with each other through certain chemicals, then we can naturally speculate that a large group of plants like this may really be like a small society in which the previous generation takes care of the next generation spontaneously. And they keep whispering through silent chemicals-they are actually no different from a group of ants in essence!
So, let's go back to the beginning. When we grow plants and observe them, they may not be ignorant. The smell of perfume, shampoo, alcohol after drinking wine, or even bad breath without brushing our teeth may make them feel, but we can't experience the joys and sorrows of plants for the time being. There is no way to know what the large number of plants at home are whispering to each other, and naturally there is no way to know what the dying cactus will leave to the newly arrived gardenia.
Reference:
Https://shimo.im/docs/C8P8yqDGYh6WhVtC
This article is from the official Wechat account: bring Science Home (ID:steamforkids). By Shen Mengxi.
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