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2025-01-19 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > IT Information >
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You may have heard such a story about mushrooms.
A psychopath likes to squat in a wet corner with an umbrella and is silent all the year round. Many doctors did not understand why he was obsessed with holding umbrellas until one day a psychiatrist crouched beside him like him. The patient slowly leaned over and asked: are you also a mushroom?
Speak with the mushroom played by the umbrella, opening the patient's psychological guard against the doctor. But recently, a group of scientists from Britain were surprised to find that those authentic mushrooms seem to have their own language.
In addition to talking, they also seem to participate in the game source: pixabay, who heard mushrooms talking? Some time ago, a news in the Guardian newspaper said that a team from the University of West England in Bristol, UK, conducted electrophysiological experiments on four kinds of mushrooms. The results show that mushrooms may "speak" through mycelium. And a preliminary deciphering of their language system: about 50 English words.
Did they really hear the sound of mushrooms? The kind of twittering?
That's not true. Before we do that, let's learn some background knowledge about mushrooms. Mushrooms belong to macrofungi in classification, and the mushrooms we usually eat are only its fruiting body, which is the aboveground part of mushrooms. On the other hand, in the substrate where mushrooms grow, the underground part is still covered with entangled hyphae.
The mushroom structure diagram shows that the hyphae winding ©️Nebraska Statewide Arboretum hyphae underground is similar to the roots of plants, they are everywhere, they can absorb nutrients from the host or soil, and sometimes transport nutrients to other mushrooms. Some kinds of mushrooms also make the hyphae form special nets to catch insects.
Even if there is only one moldy bread, the hyphae may already be everywhere, so don't eat the source: YouTube@Science Insider in addition to the basic function, scientists have also discovered the additional properties of hyphae: they can transmit electrical signals, like electrical impulses on nerve fibers. Animals with a nervous system transmit signals through neurons, and on a single neuron, information is transmitted in the form of electrical signals. But this does not mean that electrical signals only belong to the nervous system, except mushrooms, protozoa, hydra, and even plants will spontaneously produce electrical impulses.
In other words, electrical signals may be a common form of communication in the biological world. So the researchers inserted dense electrodes into the hyphae and fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes, Cordyceps militaris, umbilical mushrooms (ghost fungi, Omphalotus nidiformis) and Schizophyllum commune.
Group photo of four mushrooms: Flammulina velutipes (upper left), Cordyceps sinensis (upper right), umbilical mushroom (lower left), Schizophyllum (lower right). Source: Wikipedia they want to record the electrical signals of these mushrooms and try to analyze the rules.
Mushroom electrode source: reference "1" Modern Mushroom language Dictionary four kinds of mushrooms do produce electrical signals, and the waveforms have their own characteristics. But no matter which kind of mushroom, the electrical signals are string and regular, full of rhythm. The average interval between each potential spike is 1.5 hours, and the peak average potential is about 0.3 millivolts. Such firing behavior is reminiscent of neurons in the brain.
Four mushroom discharge electrogram, different colors represent different electrode channel map sources: reference "1" researchers then converted the collected electrical signals into binary data. Then, according to linguistic logic, compared with English grammar and language habits, these digital signals are fitted and transformed by algorithms.
Although they did not decipher exactly what the currents meant, they had a preliminary understanding of the mushroom thesaurus. There are about 50 words in the mushroom thesaurus, including 1520 high-frequency words. Interestingly, the languages of different mushrooms are not the same. The most complex language structure is Schizophyllum, which is not only secret, but also likes to use difficult sentences. By contrast, Flammulina velutipes and Cordyceps are more reticent.
"We are not a kind of mushroom. I don't understand what you are talking about." Image source: in addition to communicating with each other through hyphae, pixabay also recorded the electrical communication between mushrooms and nearby fruits through mycelium. So they speculate that electronic language may be a way for mushroom populations to keep in touch and exchange environmental information. In addition, mushrooms have other pulses: nutrient transport pulses, so another explanation for these electrical impulses is related to the way mushrooms are nourished. Of course, there is a third explanation: this mushroom language dictionary is actually nothing. Humans think too much, and mushrooms don't bother to talk.
The high-frequency vocabulary of Flammulina velutipes may have three English words: See You XXX source pixabay in addition to mushrooms, there is also the comments section of the paper's screaming tomato page, a professional who claims to have eight years of mushroom picking experience said: "I have long thought that mushrooms can communicate with each other, and they seem to predict the weather."
Although you think of mushrooms as "vegetarian dishes" at the dinner table, they are closer to animals from the point of view of biological relationship. In this way, there may be many high-level secrets in the mushroom world.
However, other studies have found that pure plants also seem to "make sounds". This time it's a real sound, not an electric current. Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel have placed sound-receiving devices near tobacco and tomato plants and found that these plants occasionally emit ultrasonic waves at frequencies of 20 to 150 kilohertz.
If the plant is cut, the frequency of ultrasonic waves increases significantly, and the tomato screams an average of 25 times per hour. And if it is not watered for 10 consecutive days, hungry tomato plants will scream 35 times an hour. Miraculously, by analyzing the waveform and frequency of sound waves, the researchers found that the sound waves emitted by plants in different states have their own characteristics. It looks like "shouting pain" or "shouting thirst".
Pixabay as to why tomatoes scream, the reason is still unknown. The team speculated that it might be the sound of bubbles bursting in the liquid flowing through the plant.
It's normal not to know what tomatoes and mushrooms are talking about. after all, more than 90 percent of the world's 3.8 million fungi are currently unknown to science.
Then again, you can't even understand what the cat is saying, so why are you talking about mushroom language?
Reference:
1. Adamatzky Andrew2022Language of fungi derived from their electrical spiking activityR. Soc. Open sci.9211926211926 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211926
2. Https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/apr/06/fungi-electrical-impulses-human-language-study
3. Https://nfs.unl.edu/mushrooms
4. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ro8sPOgCBg
5. Plants emit informative airborne sounds under stress
I. Khait, O. Lewin-Epstein, R. Sharon, K. Saban, R. Perelman, A. Boonman, Y. Yovel, L. Hadany
BioRxiv 507590; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/507590
6. Https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-record-stressed-out-plants-emitting-ultrasonic-squeals-180973716/
This article is from the official account of Wechat: bring Science Home (ID:steamforkids), author: Proxima Star
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