Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Wetland, one of the important landscapes on the earth, is called the three major ecosystems in the world with forests and oceans, and is known as "kidney of the earth", "natural reservoir" and "natural species bank". It plays an irreplaceable role in the protection of biodiversity. however, the systematic understanding of the value of wetlands is only in recent decades, it is simply a pearl covered with dust, green water and green mountains are Jinshan and Yinshan. Today, let's talk about this long-buried "Jinshan Silver Mountain".

The origin of Unsplash wetlands can't be talked about without an agency, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Fish and Wildlife Service). Fish & WildlifeService. In 1956, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service first proposed the term "Wetland" in Circular 39, and defined it as a lowland covered by intermittent or permanent shallow water, so wetlands were allocated a large area from the beginning of the name [1]. In 1974, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service began to compile the National Wetland inventory, which divided 20 wetland types into 20 types of wetlands, which sparkled from the beginning, and this division also laid the foundation for the classification of major wetlands in the United States [2]. In 1979, after years of research and judgment by wetland scientists of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, wetlands were finally defined as "wetlands are transitional land between terrestrial and aquatic systems." on these lands, the water level is often at or close to the surface, or is covered by shallow water. Wetlands must have one or more of the following three characteristics: the ① land is at least periodically dominated by aquatic plants; the impervious aquatic soil in the ② substrate is dominant; and the ③ substrate is non-soil and is saturated or covered by shallow water at some point in the growing season. " [3] in wetland research, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service can be said to be a three-good student.

After all, other people's food is not as fragrant as their own home. In the vast and rich land of China, the variety of wetlands is also extremely rich, and the total area of wetlands is more than 60 million hectares, ranking first in Asia. Through years of research, we have also formed our own classification system. In order to better protect wetlands and promote the construction of ecological civilization, at the 32nd meeting of the standing Committee of the 13th National people's Congress on December 24, 2021, China has adopted the Wetland Protection Law of the people's Republic of China. Wetlands in China are defined as "natural or artificial, perennial or seasonal stagnant water zones and waters with significant ecological functions, including sea areas with a water depth of no more than six meters at low tide, with the exception of paddy fields and artificial waters and beaches used for aquaculture". Finally, "protecting wetlands" returns to people's field of vision with a high degree of strength in the law.

How important is the wetland called the kidney of the earth? Why are wetlands so important that our country has to issue relevant laws to protect them?

First of all, as a flow convergence area, wetlands are natural reservoirs, because they are often located in the discharge areas of surface water and groundwater. In the rainy season, wetlands have a good storage performance for floods, while in the dry season, wetlands can provide sufficient water for the surrounding areas. Therefore, wetlands are like hard-working "porters" and "couriers", where they are not given, where they need to be given, and where they distribute and equalize river runoff. Effectively regulate the hydrological cycle in the basin, in addition to regulating the surface runoff, the transpiration of wetlands is closely related to the local temperature, humidity and rainfall, but also plays a good role in regulating the local microclimate.

Second, thanks to special environmental conditions, wetlands provide unique growth conditions for aquatic plants. Plants in wetlands can absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into organic matter. After their death, some of them will be converted into peat and accumulated in the wetland, while the peat formed in the wetland will be accumulated and preserved, not participating in the atmospheric carbon dioxide cycle for the time being. Therefore, to effectively slow down the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration caused by human activities, in addition to carbon sequestration, wetlands are also an important control valve for global nitrogen, sulfur, methane and other substances, which can effectively reduce the impact of Greenhouse Effect. Wetland plants can also absorb and hold poisons, heavy metals and other pollutants in the water, purify water quality, reduce water pollution, promote sediment accumulation, reduce erosion, and benefit regional environmental and social development. They are simply dedicated until death. Everyone is moved on the public screen [5]!

Third, wetlands are an important home for all kinds of cherished animals and plants. Wetland species are extremely rich. According to statistics, 825 species of higher plants, 639 species of angiosperms, 300 species of birds and 1040 species of fish are known in wetlands in China, accounting for 2.8%, 2.6%, 26.1% and 37.1% of the known animal and plant species, respectively. Many of them are endangered or of great scientific value and economic significance [6]. China is located in Australia-East Asia, India-Central Asia migratory waterfowl flight route, each year about 200 species of migratory waterfowl transfer to rest or habitat breeding in Chinese wetlands. Of the 57 species of endangered waterfowl in Asia, 31 have been found in wetlands in China. There are 15 species of cranes in the world, of which 9 species are in Chinese wetlands. In addition, Chinese wetlands also breed many rare amphibian and fish endemic species. Wetlands, like a hard-working mother, raise a large number of species and participate in the life cycle of all kinds of animals and plants.

Pixabay wetlands are to nature, like kidneys to human beings. "he is good" and "it is good" have reached a high degree of overlap at this moment (funny face), but wetland protection still has a long way to go. From our accession to the Wetland Convention 30 years ago to the promulgation of the Wetland Protection Law last year, from the establishment of nature reserves to "people raising wetlands, wetlands raising people", we have been walking on the road. Will certainly go better and better!

references

[1] Shaw, s. P and C.G. Fredine. Wetlands of theUnited States,their extent,and their value forwaterfowl and other wildlife,U.S. Department ofInterior, fish and wildlife service,circular 39,ashington,D. C.1956,67.

[2] Liu Houtian. Definition and classification of wetlands [J] Journal of Ecology. 1995, (04): 73-77.

[3] Cowardin,L. M. et al.Classification of wetlandsand deepwater habitats of the United States,U.s.Fish and Wildlife Service Pub.FwS/oBS-- 79 Universe 31, washington,D.C.1979103.

[4] Wetland Protection Law of the people's Republic of China (draft)

[5] Meng Xianmin. Wetlands and Global Environmental change [J] Geographic Science. 1999, (05): 385,391.

[6] Zhao Kuiyi. Research and Sustainable Utilization of Wetland Biodiversity in China [A]. Chen Yiyu. Wetland Research in China [C] Changchun: Jilin Science and Technology Press, 1995.48-54.

[7] Lu Xianguo,Wang Rongfen. Study on wetland biodiversity inChinas [J]-Geographical Sciences,1996,6 (1): 15-23.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: stone popular Science Studio (ID:Dr__Stone). Author: Bian Zhou, American Editor: Liu Yuling

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