Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

By using atomic chains to simulate the event horizon of a black hole, the researchers proved that Hawking radiation exists as described by the late physicist.

Scientists have created a lab-grown black hole simulation to test one of Stephen Hawking's most famous theories, which behaves just as Hawking predicted. The experiment was created by using a single-row atomic chain to simulate the event horizon of a black hole, further proving Hawking's theory that a black hole should emit weak radiation from virtual particles that randomly appear near its boundary. More importantly, the researchers found that most light particles or photons are produced around the edge of the cosmic monster.

According to quantum field theory, an absolute vacuum does not exist. On the contrary, space is filled with tiny vibrations that, if filled with enough energy, will randomly explode into virtual particles-particles (antiparticle pairs) that annihilate each other almost instantly. To produce light. In 1974, Stephen Hawking predicted that the extreme gravity felt at the mouth of the black hole (event horizon) would summon photons in this way. According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravity distorts space-time, so the closer the quantum field is to the huge gravity of the singularity of the black hole, the more distorted it will be.

Hawking radiation due to the uncertainty of quantum mechanics, this distortion produces uneven pockets with different moving speeds and subsequent energy spikes of the whole field. it is these energy mismatches that cause virtual particles to emerge from seemingly empty things on the edge of the black hole. and then produce faint light in self-annihilation, which is Hawking radiation.

Hawking's prediction is made on the extreme boundary of two currently irreconcilable theories of physics, one is Einstein's general theory of relativity, which describes the world of large objects, and the other is quantum mechanics. it describes the strange behavior of particles of the smallest object.

Black holes cultivated in the laboratory directly detect hypothetical light is something we are unlikely to achieve at the moment. First of all, it is quite a challenge to get to a black hole (the nearest known black hole is 1566 light-years away) and not to be sucked in by its huge gravity. Second, the number of Hawking photons around the black hole is very small, and in most cases, it will be masked by other luminous effects, such as high-energy X-rays.

In the absence of a real black hole, physicists began to look for Hawking radiation in experiments simulating the extreme conditions of a black hole. In 2021, scientists used an one-dimensional row of 8000 supercooled, laser-bound rubidium (a soft metal) atoms to create wave-excited virtual particles along the chain.

Now, another atomic chain experiment has made a similar achievement, this time by adjusting how easy it is for electrons to jump from one atom to another, creating a composite version of the event horizon of black hole spacetime distortion events. After adjusting the chain so that part of it falls on the simulated event horizon, the researchers recorded the temperature peak in the chain-the result of simulating the infrared radiation generated around the black hole. The results show that Hawking radiation can appear as a quantum entanglement effect between particles located on both sides of the event horizon.

Interestingly, this effect occurs only when the amplitude of the jump changes from several flat space-time configurations to distorted space-time configurations, indicating that Hawking radiation requires specific energy allocation conditions in space-time. The black holes cultivated in the laboratory provide us with an attractive glimpse of previously unexplored physics, and scientists are expected to further explore the mysteries of black holes.

This article is from the official Wechat account: NASA Space enthusiasts (ID:NASAtoMars), author: NASAITACHI

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