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This article introduces you to what the C#concept refers to, the content is very detailed, interested friends can refer to it, I hope it can help you.

C#concept

Let's start with C#, a concise, type-safe object-oriented language that developers can use to build secure, reliable applications that run on the. NET Framework. Using C#, you can create traditional Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server applications, database applications, and many other types of programs. Microsoft Visual C#2005 provides advanced code editors, convenient user interface designers, integrated debuggers, and many other tools to accelerate application development over C#language version 2.0 and the. NET Framework.

C#language

C#syntax is expressive, with less than 90 keywords, and easy to learn. C#'s curly brace syntax makes it immediately accessible to anyone familiar with C, C++, or Java. Developers who understand any of these languages can usually start working efficiently with C#in a very short time. C#syntax simplifies many of the complexities of C++ while providing powerful features such as nullable value types, enumerations, delegates, anonymous methods, and direct memory access that Java lacks. C#also supports generic methods and types, providing better type safety and performance. C#also provides iterators that allow implementers of collection classes to define custom iteration behavior, simplifying its use by client code.

As an object-oriented language, C#supports encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism concepts. All variables and methods, including the Main method (the entry point for the application), are encapsulated in the class definition. A class may inherit directly from a parent class, but it can implement any number of interfaces. Various methods that override virtual methods in parent classes require the override keyword as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In C#, the structure resembles a lightweight class; it is a stack-allocated type that implements interfaces but does not support inheritance.

In addition to these basic object-oriented principles, C#accelerates software component development through several innovative language constructs, including:

Encapsulated method signatures (called delegates) that implement type-safe event notification.

Properties that act as accessors to private member variables.

Attributes that provide declarative metadata about runtime types.

Inline XML document comments.

In C#, if you need to interact with other Windows software, such as COM objects or native Win32 DLLs, you can do so through a process called "Interop." Interoperability enables C#programs to do almost any task native C++ applications can do. C#even supports pointers and the concept of "unsafe" code in cases where direct memory access is essential.

C#generation is simpler than C and C++ and more flexible than Java. There is no separate header file, and methods and types are not required to be declared in a particular order. C#source files can define any number of classes, structures, interfaces, and events.

NET Framework Platform Architecture

C#programs run on the. NET Framework, which is an essential component of Windows and includes a virtual execution system called the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and a unified set of class libraries. CLR is a commercial implementation of Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). CLI is an international standard that is the foundation for creating execution and development environments in which languages and libraries work seamlessly together.

Source code written in C#is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms to the CLI specification. IL code, along with resources such as bitmaps and strings, is stored on disk as an executable file called an assembly, usually with the extension.exe or.dll. Assemblies contain manifests that provide information about the assembly's type, version, culture, and security requirements.

When a C#program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which may perform different actions depending on the information in the manifest. Then, if security requirements are met, the CLR performs just-in-time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL code into native machine instructions. CLR also provides other services related to automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code executed by the CLR is sometimes referred to as "managed code," which corresponds to "unmanaged code" compiled into a native machine language for a particular system. The following figure illustrates the compile-time and run-time relationships of C#source code files, base libraries, assemblies, and CLR.

Language interoperability is a key feature of the. NET Framework. Because IL code generated by the C#compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL code generated from C#can interact with code generated from Visual Basic, Visual C++,. NET versions of Visual J #, or any of the 20 other CTS-compliant languages. A single assembly may contain multiple modules written in different. NET languages, and types can refer to each other as if they were written in the same language.

In addition to runtime services, the. NET Framework contains an exhaustive library of more than 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide useful functionality for everything from file input and output to string manipulation to XML parsing to Windows Forms controls. A typical C#application uses the. NET Framework class library extensively to handle common "everyday" tasks.

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