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This article is to share with you the content of sample analysis of basic calculation, logical operation and bit operation in shell. The editor thinks it is very practical, so share it with you as a reference and follow the editor to have a look.

Provide an operation expression in the following format: $((expression))

$echo $((5* (3x3)

thirty

$result = $($myvar-10)

Shell provides convenient binary conversion between numbers:

$echo $((013)) # Octal

$echo $(0xA4) # hexadecimal

You can also specify any base between 2 and 64 using the following format:

((BASE#NUMBER))

Echo $((8377))

Echo $((16#D8))

Another trick for binary conversion in Shell is to use bc, an arbitrary precision computing language that is provided by most UNIX installers. Because it allows you to specify the output base, this is a good technique when you need to output in a base other than decimal.

The special variables ibase and obase of bc contain binary values for input and output, respectively. By default, all are set to 10. To perform a binary conversion, you need to change one or two of the values, and then provide a number.

The code is as follows:

$echo 'obase=16; 47' | bc

2F

$echo 'obase=10; ibase=16; A03' | bc

2563

Now that you understand these basic features, let's take a look at logical operators and logical expressions, and the basic +-* /% will not be repeated.

I. logical operators

The logical volume label means 1. About the file and directory detection logic volume label! -f commonly used! Detect the existence of eg: if [- f filename]-d commonly used! Detect whether the "directory" exists-b detect whether it is a "block file"-c detect whether it is a "character file"-S detect whether it is a "socket tag file"-L detect whether it is a "symbolic link file"-e detect whether "something" exists! two。 About the logical volume label of the program! -G detects whether it is owned by a program executed by GID-O detects whether it is owned by a program executed by UID-p detects whether it is a name pipe or FIFO that sends information between programs (to be honest, I don't quite understand! ) 3. About the file attribute detection! -r detect whether it is a readable attribute-w detect whether it is a writable attribute-x detect whether it is an executable attribute-s detect whether it is a "non-blank file"-u detect whether it has the attribute of "SUID"-g detect whether it has the attribute of "SGID"-k detect whether it has the attribute of "sticky bit" 4. Judgment and comparison between two files; for example, [test file1-nt file2]-nt the first file is newer than the second file-ot the first file is older than the second file-ef the first file and the second file are the same file (link and the like) 5. Logical "and (and)" or (or) & & the meaning of logical AND | | the meaning of logical OR operation symbol = equals to be applied to: integer or string comparison if in [], it can only be a string! = does not mean to apply to: integer or string comparison if in [], the string can only be greater than in: integer comparison in [] Cannot use the representation string-eq equal to apply to: integer comparison-ne is not equal to apply to: integer comparison-lt less than applied to: integer comparison-gt greater than applied to: integer comparison-le is less than or equal to apply to: integer comparison-ge greater than or equal to apply to: integer comparison-a both sides hold (and) logical expression-a logical expression- O or logical expression-o logical expression-z empty string-n non-empty string

II. Logical expressions

Test command

Usage: test EXPRESSION

Such as:

[root@localhost] # test 1 = 1 & & echo 'ok'

Ok

[root@localhost] # test-d / etc/ & & echo 'ok'

Ok

[root@localhost] # test 1-eq 1 & & echo 'ok'

Ok

[root@localhost ~] # if test 1 = 1; then echo 'ok'; fi

Ok

Note: all characters and logical operators are directly separated by spaces and cannot be concatenated.

Reduced expression

[] expression

[root@localhost] # [1-eq 1] & & echo 'ok'

Ok

[root@localhost ~] # [2

< 1 ] && echo 'ok' -bash: 2: No such file or directory [root@localhost ~]# [ 2 \< 1 ] && echo 'ok' [root@localhost ~]# [ 2 -gt 1 -a 3 -lt 4 ] && echo 'ok' ok [root@localhost ~]# [ 2 -gt 1 && 3 -lt 4 ] && echo 'ok' -bash: [: missing `]' 注意：在[] 表达式中，常见的>

, 5]] & & echo 'ok'

Ok

Note: the [[]] operator is just an extension of the [] operator. Can support symbolic operations do not need escape characters, it still compares the size of the string. The logical operator is supported: | | & &

III. Performance comparison

There are three almost equivalent symbols and commands in bash's conditional expression: test, [] and [[]]. Usually, people are accustomed to using the form if []; then. The emergence of [[]], according to ABS, is for compatibility > > moving value=8 to the right.

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