Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Anti-quantum cryptography (also known as post-quantum cryptography, PQC) is a new generation of cryptographic algorithms that can resist attacks on existing cryptographic algorithms by quantum computers. If modern cryptography is the cornerstone of cyberspace security, then anti-quantum cryptography is the security cornerstone of the future digital economy.

In this research on future digital security, the anti-quantum cryptographic algorithm Kyber designed by Professor Ding Jintai, a professor of Tsinghua BIMSA, has been selected as the mainstream international standard algorithm. In this regard, NetEase Science and Technology interviewed Ding Jintai, a professor at the S.T. Yau Mathematics Center of Tsinghua University and a professor at the Beijing Institute of Applied Mathematics and a tenured professor of William Tuft at the University of Cincinnati, on issues related to anti-quantum cryptography. He and two cryptographers, Xiang Hong, professor and graduate tutor of big data and Software School of Chongqing University, made a popular science interpretation of topics related to anti-quantum cryptography algorithms.

In 2003, the concept of "anti-quantum cryptography" which can resist quantum computing attacks came into people's field of vision. Academia, industry and government agencies began to use post-quantum cryptography to include a new generation of public key cryptographic algorithms that can resist quantum computing attacks, in order to replace the existing first generation public key cryptography algorithm and re-anchor the trust chain of cyberspace with anti-quantum cryptography.

With regard to the impact of quantum computers on existing public key cryptography, Professor Ding Jintai believes that quantum computers do not show great application value in other fields at present. it only has outstanding advantages in the basic problems of modern cryptography such as number theory and the matching of quantum communication and quantum computer architecture. Professor Ding Jintai does not think that quantum computers can do other computing problems better than ordinary computers in the short term.

As for the reason why anti-quantum cryptography can resist the impact of quantum computer, Professor Ding Jintai pointed out that the first generation of public key cryptography depends on two difficult mathematical problems, one is prime decomposition, the other is discrete logarithm. The design principle of anti-quantum cryptography is to find mathematical problems that can not be solved by quantum computers. At this stage, the biggest problem facing quantum cryptography is the lack of confidence of users, and with the emergence of different tools in the future, there will be more new analysis methods, how to solve these possible problems in the future.

In this regard, Professor Ding Jintai said that he will further optimize the parameters of the algorithm, while constantly emphasizing the importance of the standard. Only the anti-quantum cryptographic algorithm that has been publicly verified by the standard can be accepted by the public, and this is not a small challenge at this stage.

In terms of resisting the impact of quantum attacks on network security, Professor Ding Jintai said that if the quantum computer is successfully developed, it can break the trust anchor and trust root of the modern Internet at any time. In response, governments need to set standards as soon as possible to promote the smooth migration of underlying key algorithms in relevant industries, a process that will take at least 10 to 15 years. Professor Xiang Hong believes that the anti-quantum cryptographic public key fundamentally affects the security of the entire Internet, and in order to achieve the unity of the entire industry chain, everyone should be unified with a new algorithm.

It is understood that from the beginning of 2016, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) officially launched the PQC global algorithm solicitation campaign, until July 2022, when it was officially announced that it was among the first batch of algorithm candidates for the US PQC standard, NIST conducted three rounds of public screening for the formulation of a post-US national standard for quantum cryptography. In May this year, at the meeting of digital ministers held by the Group of Seven, including the United States, Europe, Japan, and South Korea, great attention was paid to the formulation and application of anti-quantum cryptographic standards, and a "plan to promote the free flow of trusted data" was put forward. through cooperation to promote the secure and smooth migration of anti-quantum cryptographic standards.

Finally, on the issue of resisting the influence of quantum cryptography research and innovation on quantum computing, Professor Ding Jintai believes that one of the most important tasks for quantum computing to prove its effectiveness is to break through what we can break. at the same time, the migration of passwords is very powerful to the development of quantum computing. Professor Xiang Hong believes that to promote the research of quantum computer through the research of anti-quantum cryptography, it is necessary to have a set of institutional guarantee to make people pay attention to basic research.

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