Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

Grain Rain decided to plant grain 1. The rain gauge recorded in Indian literature in the 4th century BC is said to be the earliest documented rain gauge. They used a rain gauge about 45.72 centimeters in diameter to determine which seeds should be planted, setting a precise time standard for grain production.

The second record obtained from the Jewish text shows that the annual rainfall in some parts of Palestine is about 54 centimeters, although it is not clear whether it is a year or a few years, it can still be speculated that they are using some kind of rain gauge to measure rainfall.

2. Since 1200 AD, rain gauges have been used all over Asia. Tianchi basin is considered to be one of the earliest rain gauges recorded in ancient China. In the second volume of the Nine chapters of several Books in the Southern Song Dynasty, there are 9 questions about "Tianshi", four of which are related to the measurement of rain, which shows the importance of weather to the agricultural season. With regard to the four math problems in the Nine chapters of several Books, we will push related articles in the near future. Please look forward to it! )

The text shows that the Chinese have installed rain gauges in major cities and are particularly interested in rainfall. Rainfall in these areas is also used to estimate rainfall across the country.

South Korea also uses rain gauges everywhere, and the designs they use have not changed much from the 15th century to the 20th century. According to the research of the Royal Meteorological Society, these gauges were so advanced that none of them were used in Europe at that time.

In 1411 and 1441, King Sejong of the Li Dynasty (South Korea) is said to have made the first standardized rain gauge.

The standard size of the trial-produced iron rain gauge is 2 feet in height and 8 inches in diameter, and it will be changed to 1. 5 feet in height the following year. Copper rain gauge with a diameter of 7 inches.

King Shizong placed it on the Shu Yun Guan platform and ordered the whole country to copy it, and the rainfall depth was observed and reported by special personnel after each rainfall. In 1770, the government again made rain gauges according to the original specifications, and ordered both of them to copy rain gauges.

At present, South Korea's Central Meteorological Observatory also keeps ancient bronze rain gauges made in 1837.

Rainfall-related rainfall time 1, 1639 in 1639, the Italian mathematician Cassinez Benito Castri conceived a rain gauge to measure rainfall intensity at St. Petro Monastery to study fluctuations in rainfall levels. he also exchanged ideas with Galileo on his experiment.

The measurement operation and its inference were described in Father Castelli's letter to Galileo Galilei on June 18, 1639. The invention of the rain gauge connects the time of rainfall with the measurement of rainfall.

Cassinese   Benedetto   Castelli (1577-1643) Italian mathematician and disciple of Galileo. One of his most famous papers at the time, the Measurement of Water, was published in Rome in 1628. He is also believed to be the inventor of the rain gauge.

This is the first experiment in the courtyard of St. Petro Monastery in Perugia. Castri was caught in a torrential rain that hit Lake Trasimeno.

In his letter to Galileo, he said: "it's raining on the lake." so I took a cylindrical glass container (a known amount of water calibration, marked the corresponding height on the glass container). I exposed it to the open air to receive Rain Water who fell into it. I was alone for an hour. Another hour. "

He marked the height reached by Rain Water with a marker every hour and successfully made the first measurement of rainfall in Europe. He used a simple handheld rain gauge to record the precipitation that lasted for several hours at St. Pietro Monastery that day.

2. From 1662 to 1662, Sir Christopher Lane used a wide range of information for meteorological research: he invented the tipping bucket rain gauge.

The rain gauge consists of a receiving funnel and three compartments, which take turns to collect precipitation once an hour. He also designed a "weather clock" in 1663 to record temperature, humidity, rainfall and air pressure.

Christopher   Wren graduated from the University of Oxford, the founder of the Royal Society (president 1680-1682), one of the most famous British architects in history, and an anatomist, astronomer, geometrist and mathematician physicist.

Since 1675, he has rebuilt 51 of the 86 churches in the City of London after the fire (including StPaul's   Cathedral, which was completed in 1710 and is regarded as his masterpiece).

Ryan died at Hampton Palace on March 8, 1723 and was buried in a crypt under the choir seat of St. Paul's Cathedral. At the door of the church is a tombstone with a Latin epitaph: Si   monumentum   requiris,   circumspice (are you looking for his memorial? Please look around you.

In 1695, Robert   Hooke designed the tipping bucket rain gauge, which is the earliest tipping bucket rain gauge, and his design concept is still in use today.

Hook installed a glass funnel on a wooden frame, and the lower end of the funnel extended into a larger container (catchment basin) to weigh Rain Water collected by the container. Hooker's rain gauge has been in use in London for a year, collecting 74 centimeters (29 inches) of water.

As early as 1679, he completed his design of the air clock based on the air clock of his good friend Sir Lane.

Source: "A Bird Flying for thousands of years: science and Technology of Meteorological observation and Measurement in Ancient China" part of the network copyright belongs to the original author. Introduction to ★ Books ★

"A bird flying a thousand years early: the science and technology of meteorological observation and measurement in ancient China" by Huang Wei, Huang Tantong painted by Tsinghua University Press, A Bird flying early: the Science and Technology of Meteorological observation and Measurement in Ancient China is mainly about the advanced nature of ancient Chinese climate observation and measurement science and technology in the history of world meteorological science and technology, and think about the history and character background at that time. The scientific and technological information map is designed with a visual system to show the wind measuring artifact "Xiangfeng Tongwu", the ancient tools for measuring rainfall, Tianchi basin and Yuanchi, from "string humidity measurement" to "charcoal balance" to "deer tendons moisture absorption" and other devices and technologies for observing and measuring wind, rain, lightning, temperature, humidity and ancient weather stations. A brief introduction to ★ authors ★

Huang Wei is a member of Chinese popular Science Writers Association. He is the author of the Weather Book of the Children of the Earth, an original Chinese meteorological popular science picture book, won the Silver Award for Outstanding popular Science works (Books) of the Fifth China popular Science Writers Association, excellent works of the third National Meteorological popular Science works (Books) in 2018, and excellent popular Science Books in Shanghai in 2018. Huang Yantong, who graduated from the School of Art Design and Media, East China University of Science and Technology, has won the first prize in the new cultural and creative design competition and the fourth "appearance" Shanghai Youth Creative Competition Micro-Renewal Award and Network popularity Award. The first International "Land Cruise" concept Train Design Competition expert recommendation Award (Professional Group). Reading at the origin has entered the Little Red Book!

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Origin Reading (ID:tupydread), author: Huang Wei, Editor: Zhang Runxin

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