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(photo Source: BBC) have you ever seen such a person when you are catching a plane or train:

Dragging their suitcases, they ran at full speed in the waiting hall, their names shouted on the airport radio, and when they arrived at the counter breathless and flushed, they just caught the plane at the last minute.

You guess, these people who are late may have encountered unexpected situations, such as traffic jams or forgetting their ID cards when they go out.

Of course, there are some people who are late because of an accident. However, the lateness of more people is actually habitual, even "intentional".

Have you ever been late for a plane? (photo Source: the Atlantic) A man who is often late describes his mentality: "I like the drama of running at the airport. I hate waiting in line. I am the last person to board a plane every time I take a plane."

People who are often late have the illusion that I can step on it.

British writer Grace Pacie, who wrote a book called being late, tells her example on TED: every Saturday morning at 09:30 she goes to dance class. She thinks that if I go out at 09:15, I can step on it.

But in fact, she will always go out 5 minutes or even 10 minutes late, and fantasize about driving faster on the road to make up for the time to go out late.

However, she is not. She is late for every class.

I feel the same way. (photo source: TEDx TALK) this phenomenon is called "The Planning Fallacy".

Psychologist Daniel Kahneman summed up several features of planning fallacies:

First, people are always too optimistic when estimating their own tasks; second, they do not learn from past miscalculations; and third, they are always too pessimistic when estimating the tasks of others.

But not everyone is optimistic when making plans.

In contrast, another group of people, people who are used to arriving early, are pessimistic when making plans, always arrive at the appointment place more than half an hour early, and hate being late. Such people can also put pressure on others.

Ideal and reality. (photo Source: Everydaypsych) so why are there two types of people who behave in completely opposite patterns?

Jonny Gerkin, a psychiatrist at the University of North Carolina, believes that people who arrive early and those who are late actually have the same anxiety, but they manage anxiety differently.

Like catching a plane. For people who are used to arriving early, they pack their bags early, plan their itinerary carefully, and arrive at the airport two or three hours early to reduce their anxiety.

On the other hand, people who are habitually late choose to avoid anxiety, delay packing and wait until the last minute for adrenaline outbursts, hurriedly pack up their bags and rush to the airport, turning anxiety into excitement and action.

Give a deadline to people who love to be late, and they will burst into amazing action. (photo Source: memegenerator) Jeffrey Conte, a psychologist at San Diego State University, roughly divides people into types An and B.

Type A, that is, people who are used to arriving early, are usually efficient, but a little nervous, impatient, and have low tolerance for the faults of others, while Type B, people who are habitually late, are more relaxed, less neurotic, more flexible in dealing with emergencies and more adventurous.

Jeffrey Conte found that the difference between these two groups of people may be due to their different accuracy in estimating time.

He did a study in which type An and type B people were asked to estimate their time by one minute respectively. It was found that the average estimate for type A was 58 seconds, while that for type B was 77 seconds.

Obviously, type A people are closer to a minute, and they are the more punctual group.

People who are often late have messy desks and are more likely to lose things. (photo: BBC) another 2016 study from the University of Washington came up with a similar theory.

Psychologist Emily Waldun came up with a term called time-based forward-looking memory (Time-based prospective memory, TBPM), which can also be understood as people's awareness of the flow of time.

The speed at which everyone feels the flow of time varies according to the situation and the environment. A common example is that when you are busy, you feel that time flies, but while you wait, you feel like a year.

The way and ability of different people to manage time will also affect their awareness of the flow of time.

(photo Source: DTA Innovation) to test this, the University of Washington team recruited 70 subjects and divided them into two groups by age: 36 between 18 and 36 and 34 between 60 and 87.

In the test, all subjects were asked to answer a series of questions and estimate how long it took them to complete (the actual time was 11 minutes).

The whole test was repeated three times, the first time in a quiet environment, the second time while answering questions, two pieces of background music were played to the subjects, and the third time, four pieces of music were played.

It was found that in quiet conditions, young people had a more accurate understanding of the test time, about 11 minutes, while older people generally underestimated the time, believing that only 9 minutes had passed.

Background music has little impact on the performance of the elderly, on the contrary, it has a greater impact on the young.

Playing two songs makes young people significantly underestimate time, thinking that time has passed by only more than eight minutes, while playing four songs makes young people significantly overestimate time and think that time has elapsed by 12 minutes.

(photo Source: reference [10]) this shows that different environments can affect people's awareness of the flow of time, while older people are generally more slow than young people.

Of course, it does not rule out that some people are habitually late for pathological reasons. For example, autism, depression, ADHD and other patients, are difficult to manage time in life, the specific performance is often late, there is no concept of time.

In society, people who are habitually late will suffer more misunderstandings. They are often labeled as lazy, reckless, selfish and unreliable.

But surprisingly, people who love to be late are not always late for everything.

Grace Pacie found that although she is often late in her daily life, she is almost never late for important things, such as catching a plane, a job interview, or attending a funeral.

Perhaps in her subconscious, she has arranged the order of importance of things.

Grace listed the circumstances in which she would arrive early or late. (photo Source: TEDx TALK) some psychologists believe that habitual lateness is a correctable cognitive defect.

A counselor gave an example of a counselor.

The consultant's mother is a particularly slow and dillydillyperson who takes a long time to take a bath and often sends him to school late, causing him to be late for school. As a result, he is often late when he grows up.

After counseling, he realized that he associated lateness with his feelings for his mother, as if not being late was a "betrayal" to his mother.

Realizing this, he got rid of his habit of being late.

(photo Source: Friends) however, not everyone who likes to be late can be corrected, or rather, needs to be corrected.

If it has little impact on life, then the habit of arriving early or late is just a personality difference, there is no difference between good and bad. People who are habitually late may not be punctual, but such people tend to be more divergent and good at creative work, and they can also do well at work.

It is a diversified society that there is no need for a single standard to require people with different personalities.

Cover source: Friends

Reference:

[1] Inside the Mind of a Timebender-Why I'm Always Late | Grace Pacie | TEDxBedford

[2] Why some people are always late-BBC REEL

[3] There Are Two Types of Airport People-The Atlantic

[4] "Reasons Why Some People Are Always Late To Work | USC Online". 2016. USC MAPP Online.

[5] Clarke, Laura. 2022. "Why Some People Are Always Running Late". Bbc.Com.

[6] "This Is Why Some People Are Always Late" 2022. Psychology Today.

[7] "These Are The Psychological Reasons Why Some People Are Always Late" 2022. Business Insider.

[8] We Know Why You're Always Late: What Researchers Have Learned About Tardiness and How You Can Arrive on Time More-The Wall Street Journal

[9] MacDonald, Fiona. 2018. "Scientists Have Found Out Why You're Chronically Late". Sciencealert.

[10] Waldum ER, McDaniel MA. Why are you late? Investigating the role of time management in time-based prospective memory. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2016 Aug;145 (8): 1049-61.

This article comes from the official Wechat account: take Science Home (ID:steamforkids), written by: Greye, revised by Han Jingjing

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