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Are you confused by the title? Let's solve the problems mentioned one by one. The first question is: What is a sapphire?

Imaginary sapphire.| Wiki Sapphire is a type of corundum gemstone. The so-called corundum, in terms of chemical composition, is the crystalline form of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which is a mineral formed due to geological reasons. Since there are usually other trace impurity elements in aluminum oxide, such as iron, titanium and chromium, it will present different colors.

The unrefined corundum gemstone is actually alumina.| Wiki Ruby is a corundum gemstone that contains chromium and therefore has a blood-red color. Sapphire is not so simple, because sapphire is a general term for gemstones other than rubies.

So when it comes to sapphire, it doesn't just mean blue gemstones, it can also be white, yellow, pink, purple, green...

In the sapphire world, there are not only "positive" blue sapphires, but also colorful sapphires.| Navneet Gems Generally speaking, blue sapphires are the most common. Because aluminum oxide contains iron and titanium, and because of the different contents, it will appear blue with different hues and saturations. Like the famous royal blue and cornflower blue.

In addition, chromium can not be called ruby. In the United States, only blood-red corundum stones with the lowest color saturation can be called rubies, while other pink ones have to be called "pink sapphires."

Not enough red gemstones, but also can not casually "touch porcelain" ruby...| Navneet Gems are not worthy of being called "rubies," but there is a pink sapphire that is more valuable than rubies and sapphires, and it is also the only gemstone in the corundum family with a separate name, Padparadscha.

In the eyes of Sri Lanka, Papalacha is the color of lotus.| The Mystery Identification of Richard the Gem Merchant This is a very rare corundum with just the right pink orange color. Also known as Padma corundum, her orange and pink ratio must be strictly controlled at 30%-70%, and there must be no other variegated.

Some people saw Papalacha and described it as: This gem emits a sun-like light.| In addition, iron oxide is generally yellow sapphire, vanadium and chromium is purple sapphire, and green sapphire contains iron, cobalt, vanadium and manganese.

In addition to these sapphires, there is also a "fake sapphire," if you take it literally, you may have fallen into the trap set by the namer. Because it's not a fake sapphire, it's a real fake sapphire.

Fake sapphire is a genuine gemstone, its name is called fake sapphire (Sapphirin), and sapphire English name (Sapphire) is similar, and sapphire appearance is also very similar.

Fake sapphire: often regarded as fake is also very wronged ah!| The body color of the fake sapphire is similar to that of the blue sapphire, but the color is grayer, showing different shades of blue-green, and the saturation is not very high. This was also a rare precious gemstone.

Chemically, they are not the same substance. Pseudosapphire is a magnesium aluminosilicate mineral with a chemical composition of (Mg,Al)8(Al,Si) 6O20, but sapphire is an oxide. This also determines the differences in properties between the two, such as hardness, refractive index and relative density.

Fake sapphire is not only not fake gemstone, but also very beautiful!| Wiki So, a sapphire is a sapphire, a fake sapphire is a fake sapphire, but not a fake sapphire but a real fake sapphire. This principle is the same as the red panda is not a panda, soda is not alkali, abalone is not a fish is a nesting baby problem.

Let's see who's fooled by the name again.| Although Giphy ruby sapphire is a precious mineral that looks beautiful, it is by no means just a flashy "beautiful waste". It has its shadow in industry and life.

Corundum is a gemstone with high hardness, second only to diamond. Diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10, while corundum has a Mohs hardness of 9. Therefore, it has also become an excellent industrial material, such as the manufacture of grinding wheels, sandpaper and abrasive powder for grinding and polishing.

The gemstone movement in high-end watches is also a precision instrument.| World-wrist-watch We also have the shadow of these gems in our lives, the most common is the screen made of sapphire. Just mentioned that the hardness of corundum is 9, and the hardness of glass is only about 6 to 7, so the mobile phone screen made of sapphire is more stable and not easy to be scratched or damaged.

However, this does not mean that you can fall casually, because although the sapphire screen is hard, it is also brittle and not very resistant to falling.

Moreover, synthetic sapphire is generally used on the screen. It has the same composition as natural gemstones. People invented this synthetic technology as early as the 19th century. Since the 1960s, gemstones have been used in the production of watches.

Ruby laser.| Wiki In addition, because of the crystal properties of ruby, it has also been fabricated as a ruby laser. At higher energies, the radiation is reflected back and forth between the mirrors at both ends of the ruby, each time it passes through the ruby crystal, the beam energy is multiplied, and the final output of the pulsed beam of higher energy is laser.

This is widely used for laser cutting and drilling. Barcode scanners, printers, and hair removal instruments in life also use the principle of ruby lasers.

So are diamonds available in color?| Not only corundum stones, but also diamonds in color. Diamonds are essentially carbon, but nitrogen (N) makes them yellow, blue diamonds are boron (B), and green diamonds are formed by long-term radiation. So color diamond really not only exists in QQ all kinds of red diamond yellow diamond green diamond members.

After reading this article, you will understand the gemstone knowledge that even Thanos have to learn!

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This article comes from Weixin Official Accounts: Bringing Science Home (ID: steamforkids), by Skin

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