Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

October 29, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to carry out the Venus Deep Atmospheric inert Gas, Chemical and Imaging Survey (DAVINCI,Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) mission in the late 1920s and early 1930s. It is reported that at that time, the mission probe will carry six instruments through Venus's extremely harsh atmosphere, helping scientists to draw the most detailed stratified map of Venus's atmosphere to date.

Image: the main body of the NASA Da Vinci mission probe is a 3-foot-diameter sphere that will pass through the atmosphere of Venus by parachute in mid-2031. The probe carries the Venus Atmospheric structure Survey instrument (VASI) and five other instruments. Among them, VASI can collect data about Venus's atmospheric temperature, pressure and wind during the descent.

"there are a lot of big mysteries in Venus's deep atmosphere," Ralph Lorenz, director of VASI science and planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Maryland, said in a statement. "We don't have all the details of the mystery yet," he said. "the Da Vinci mission will provide us with more information by measuring the composition of Venus's atmosphere and measuring pressure and temperature close to the surface of Venus."

There are many secrets hidden in Venus's dense atmosphere, including the composition of the atmosphere and how many volcanoes on Venus have affected the atmosphere for hundreds of millions of years. One of the key goals for scientists to send the probe into the atmosphere of Venus is to determine whether there is still volcanic activity on Venus. The detector can be analyzed by measuring atmospheric temperature, wind and composition. Solving these problems will also allow scientists to understand from the side how the Earth's continued volcanic activity affects the Earth's atmosphere.

"the long-term livability of the earth as we understand it depends on the interaction between the earth's interior and the atmosphere," Lorenz said. "the long-standing abundance of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere mainly depends on volcanic activity to make the earth's surface warm enough for human habitation."

One of the main challenges for the Leonardo da Vinci mission to study Venus is the extreme conditions on Venus, where the surface pressure is 90 times greater than that of Earth and the surface temperature is about 900 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius).

Any probe descending from orbit to the surface of Venus must first pass through the sulfuric acid cloud in Venus's upper atmosphere. Sulfuric acid clouds are opaque and reflective, making it difficult for scientists to observe Venus from Earth.

In order to cope with the harsh atmospheric environment, the landing balls and sensors of the Da Vinci mission probe will be enclosed in a sturdy structure similar to that of a submarine. Although the entire sphere can withstand strong air pressure and insulating materials protect the sensor from high temperatures near the surface of Venus, VASI sensors must be exposed to harsh atmosphere to work.

"it is difficult to detect Venus. The harsh environment of Venus's atmosphere, especially when the atmosphere is low, makes the design of instruments and support systems very challenging." Lorentz said. "all of this must be protected from the environment, or be able to withstand harsh conditions."

When the entire sphere falls in the atmosphere of Venus, the VASI instrument will measure the atmospheric temperature through a sensor mounted in a slender metal tube. When Venus heats the metal tube in the atmosphere, the sensor can measure and record the expansion value, thus eliminating the need for direct exposure to the corrosive environment.

The VASI instrument will also measure the atmospheric pressure of Venus using a silicon film encapsulated in the detector. One side of the film is in a vacuum, while the other faces the atmosphere of Venus. The atmosphere puts pressure on the film, and the stretching of the film reflects the atmospheric pressure of Venus.

In addition, VASI instruments use accelerometers that measure changes in speed and direction, as well as gyroscopes that measure direction. The Leonardo da Vinci mission will also track changes in wind speed and direction in Venus's atmosphere by monitoring changes in the frequency and wavelength of radio waves.

The Leonardo da Vinci mission is scheduled for launch in 2029. If all goes well, the Da Vinci mission's spherical probe will pass through the atmosphere of Venus in 2031.

The whole landing process will take about an hour. NASA scientists predict that the probe may crash on the surface of Venus. But if the probe can land successfully, scientists are prepared to use the probe to carry out scientific research on the surface of Venus for about 17 minutes.

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