Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

In other words, 4G and 5G, where you usually make phone calls, browse videos and play games, are also called "public networks". The meaning of the word "public" is exactly what it means to be open and public.

In other words, this network can be used not only by you, but also by Zhang San next door, and also by the brother of Zhang San's comrade-in-arms, sister-in-law and classmate.

The opposite of the public network is the private network. This private network can be completely customized and should be shut out to those who do not want to visit it.

For example, your home Wi-Fi has set up a local area network, which has televisions, home servers, intelligent speakers, floor-sweeping robots and other devices, which can only be accessed by family members.

By expanding this concept, we will find that all kinds of industries have their own private networks, which serve their own internal systems, and we call them "private networks".

For example, on the railway, an internal network based on special network technology such as GSM-R has been used since the 2G era, which is specially used for the communication between the train and the dispatching center.

This kind of private network technology, which quietly guards the operation of the railway system behind the scenes, is almost unknown except for people in the industry.

In the public network, you get stuttered a few times when you browse the video, and you don't have much to lose except for the experience. But the special network is generally used for production activities, and the network is like the circulatory system of our body. if the blood vessels are blocked or the heart beats abnormally, the system may be paralyzed, the economic interests will be damaged, and safety accidents will occur.

Therefore, when building a private network, there are high requirements for the performance, reliability and security of the network. It can be said that the netizen, the great event of karma, the place of death and life, and the way of survival must be noticed.

As a result, the spotlight of the times is projected on 5G.

Why do you need 5G dedicated network in the 5G era, eMBB (enhanced Mobile Broadband), mMTC (Mass Machine Type Communication) and uRLLC (Ultra High reliable low delay Communication) are proposed.

It can be seen that in addition to eMBB, the other two categories are generally not used by our ordinary people.

So why does 5G go to so much trouble to develop so many features that the general public can't use?

Yes, it is for dedicated network applications. The network demand of ordinary consumers is only the tip of the iceberg, while the big head always belongs to the surging tide below the surface.

As early as 2019, known as the "first year of 5G", the Minister of Industry and Information Technology proposed: "80% of the real application scenarios of 5G should be used in the industrial Internet field. I think 5G is still looking forward to this field most."

According to the estimation of consulting firm OMDIA, the economic contribution of 5G industry applications worldwide will reach 13.2 trillion US dollars, with the most obvious contribution to manufacturing.

Global release of 5G industry applications (data source OMDIA, as of March 2020)

Therefore, the deployment of 5G private network is an indispensable and necessary means for the vertical industry to promote 5G innovative applications, expand production efficiency and accelerate digital transformation.

In March 2020, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the Circular on promoting the accelerated Development of 5G, proposing to organize the research and pilot of virtual private network in 5G industry.

In July 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with nine departments, issued the "5G Application" sailing Action Plan (2021-2023), which set a clear target for the construction of 5G private network.

At the same time, the "Blossom Cup" 5G Application solicitation Competition, also led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has been held four times in a row, aiming to explore typical 5G applications and explore mature business models.

All this shows an irrefutable fact: the industry network is the future of 5G.

According to the definition of 3GPP R16 standard, 5G private network is divided into independent deployment mode (SNPN,Stand-alone Non-Public Network) and public network integration mode (PNI-NPN,Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network).

Independent deployment mode refers to the use of dedicated spectrum to build a completely dedicated network, which is not shared with anyone. This method generally requires the allocation of special frequency bands for enterprises, and the network construction and operation and maintenance are carried out independently by the enterprises.

According to the degree of sharing with the public network, the public network integration mode can be divided into two categories: "sharing with the public network part (sharing RAN or sharing RAN and core network control plane)" and "end-to-end sharing with the public network". Operators should deploy 5G private network, which has the advantage of flexibility and speed.

In Europe, Japan and other countries, governments have opened dedicated frequency bands for enterprises to build independent 5G networks on their own after obtaining permission.

In 2019, the German government has opened up 100m of bandwidth and opened applications for 10-year use rights to corporate users, mainly for industrial 4.0, agriculture and forestry. At present, 33 companies, including Bosch, BMW, Volkswagen, BASF and Lufthansa, have applied for 5G dedicated network band.

In the same year, Japan also opened up dedicated spectrum for enterprises, including 4.5GHz and 28GHz, with a total bandwidth of 1.1G, which is called "Local 5G". Fujitsu, NEC, Akita Cable, the University of Tokyo and other units have submitted applications.

In 2020, Fujitsu announced the commercial use of its self-built Local 5G. The network covers an area of 28000 square meters, and the initial deployment of the application is intelligent security, that is, the UHD video stream captured by multiple cameras is uploaded through the 5G network, and suspicious behavior is detected through AI analysis to ensure the security of the campus.

In China, as all the spectrum is allocated to operators, enterprises have no choice but to cooperate with operators to build a 5G private network.

Professional people do professional things, operators have not only spectrum, but also capital, technology, experience, manpower and platform, which is crushing in the professional level of building the network.

Therefore, it is the most worry-free win-win move that companies only need to take out the money, leave complex things to operators and focus on deploying applications to improve efficiency.

The 5G private network plan of China's three major operators, therefore, the three major operators courageously set the tide, launched their own private network construction plan one after another, and set different service levels according to the diversified needs of Qianhang Baiye.

As can be seen from the above picture, the three major operators have launched three 5G private network deployment modes: "fully shared with the public network", "partially shared with the public network", and "independent deployment".

From the naming point of view, Unicom is the most simple and straightforward, calling the three models "5G virtual private network", "5G hybrid private network" and "5G independent private network" respectively.

Telecom is more elegant, which is called "far-reaching mode", "neighbor mode" and "wing-like mode".

Mobile demonstrates the belief that the more money you spend, the more honorable it is. The three models are called "premium mode", "exclusive mode" and "premium mode" respectively.

Next, let's take Unicom as an example to see how to build a 5G private network.

5G virtual private network: in this mode, 5G base station, core network (including user area network element UPF, and other network elements) are shared with public network users.

Then how to distinguish between public network and private network users, and provide differentiated service guarantee? This is going to use the 5G killer: end-to-end network slicing.

Through the 5G slicing technology, multiple exclusive pipes with logical isolation can be realized, the service isolation between private network users and public users can be realized, and the service security of users can be ensured.

The 5G virtual private network constructed by software has the characteristics of wide service range, high flexibility, low cost and short construction cycle, and is used for a variety of applications with wide coverage and unstable access terminals in time and space. at the same time, there are certain service quality requirements and a certain degree of data isolation requirements, such as smart cities, smart scenic spots, new media, high-end residential areas and office, intelligent transportation and other scenarios.

5G hybrid private network: in this mode, 5G base stations are still shared by public network users and private network users, but the user side function (UPF) of the core network is already dedicated and can be sunk and deployed on edge computing (MEC) nodes within the enterprise campus.

Different from the virtual private network, the internal data of the enterprise no longer needs to be transferred from the public network UPF, but is directly transmitted to the enterprise private network through the private UPF within the enterprise park. The transmission path is shorter, the data does not leave the campus, and the security is higher.

Due to the short transmission path, the end-to-end delay of the network can be effectively reduced to less than 15 milliseconds, and the delay of some scenarios can be less than 10 milliseconds. Ultra-low latency can make 5G application go deep into the core link of enterprise production control.

Moreover, due to the deployment of MEC and UPF within the campus, the enterprise has enhanced the degree of control over the network, and can carry out a variety of flexible self-services, such as independent management, independent configuration, alarm reminder and so on.

Therefore, 5G hybrid private network is suitable for all kinds of local open parks, including transportation and logistics, port terminals, high-end scenic spots, urban security, industrial manufacturing and so on.

5G independent private network: as the name implies, this is a complete 5G independent private network, dedicated to terminal, base station and core network, fine point-to-point planning and design, completely isolated from the public network, and the well water does not invade the river.

This highly customized network can maximize the performance of the 5G network, achieving no dead corner coverage, no data leaving the campus, uninterrupted production, uplink and downlink bandwidth optimization, ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability.

Therefore, 5G independent private network is suitable for local closed areas, including mine, oil field, nuclear power, high-precision manufacturing and other scenarios. For example, the application of unmanned scheduling, remote operation, system control and communication in mine and oil field, intelligent manufacturing and monitoring in high-precision manufacturing plant.

Telecom's remote, neighboring and wing-like mode, the network architecture is basically the same as Unicom's virtual private network, hybrid private network and independent private network.

Telecom: remote mode

Telecom: neighbor mode

Telecom: Ruyi Mode Telecom proposes that 5G private network service is not only a communication network, but also a comprehensive solution that integrates network, cloud computing, edge computing and application platform.

Therefore, Telecom's 5G private network emphasizes a high degree of customization: "network customization, edge intelligence, cloud collaboration, X on demand". The goal is to create integrated customized integration services for industry customers, and to achieve "cloud and network integration, customization on demand".

The 5G private network of mobile premium, exclusive and premium modes is built by the way of "independent deployment of core network, wireless sharing on demand, and isolation of shared transmission resources on demand".

Based on the 5G private network of these three modes, China Mobile has built artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing, big data and edge computing capacity systems and platforms to support a variety of industry applications.

It can be seen that the 5G private network architecture of the three major operators is basically the same, and they have built a wireless communication infrastructure with complete functions and accurate services, which can flexibly meet the differentiated demands of customers in the industry.

However, the construction of infrastructure is only the first step in the long march.

The tide of digital transformation is mighty. For traditional enterprises, only by being friends of time and promoting digital transformation by seizing the day can we gain a foothold in the new era.

The endogenous driving force of this enterprise's transformation of digitalization, networking and intelligence is the ultimate energy that determines how fast and how far the 5G private network can go.

5G private network, while changing the industry, will also be silently infiltrated into our lives.

-END-

Reference documentation:

1. China Unicom 5G Industry Special Network White Paper

two。 China Telecom 5G customized Network Product Handbook

3. China Mobile 5G Industry Private Network Technology White Paper v1.0

4. Digital Transformation of China Mobile 5G enabling Industry

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: wireless Deep Sea (ID:wuxian_shenhai), author: mayfly acquisition

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.