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Do not understand the color, often encounter these problems: I want to adjust to a certain effect, but I do not know what tool to use, how to set the parameters.

Color is a subject that must be mastered in the study of photography. it is helpful not only for the later revision, but also for the early shooting.

To learn to adjust colors, you must first understand the basic theory of color, and then you can skillfully master all kinds of painting tools.

01. Several basic concepts 1. Gamut: the range of colors. Beyond this range, it will not be able to display, instead of using the approximate color in the range.

two。 Color depth: color depth, can also be understood as the degree of color fineness.

3. Color mode: an algorithm for color composition. RGB mode is to use 3 primary colors to mix into various colors, and the more colors, the greater the brightness. Lab mode is to mix all kinds of colors with brightness and two kinds of gradient mapping.

Let's take a simple example of numbers, assuming that the range is 1: 2. Then there is no way to display the number 2.1, and 2.1 is replaced by 2. If the depth is small, there are only 1, 1.5 and 2 numbers. With greater depth, there are 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4. Two eleven numbers. The greater the depth, the more the number.

▲ color gamut is different

Why do ▲ have different shades 02, RGB and CMYK? because these two are the most common, especially the RGB mode, you must understand it if you want to learn how to fix a picture.

A color is a mixture of primary colors, it is divided into optical 3 primary colors RGB (red, green, blue) and ink 3 primary colors CMY (cyan, yellow, magenta).

RGB stands for optical 3 primary colors, and objects of this color can emit colored light, such as computer monitors. It corresponds to "plus color". The more light, the brighter the final color.

CMY stands for ink 3 primary colors, such as pigments, printing inks, objects of this color cannot glow. It corresponds to "subtractive color". The more pigments you have, the darker the final color. In theory, a certain amount of CMY will be completely mixed to get pure black, but in reality it is not dark enough, so an auxiliary "K (black)" is added.

How colors are mixed to produce tens of millions of colors, it is impossible for us to take all the colors, but as long as we have primary colors, we can mix thousands of colors. Look at the printer around you. There are only 4 color ink cartridges, but you can print images of various colors.

The question is: if I want to mix yellow, how do I mix 3 primary colors?

This requires the appearance of a sex ring. Whether it is RGB or CMYK, hue loops are universal.

The color rings are arranged clockwise every 60 degrees: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue and magenta.

Adjacent color: a color within 60 °distance, which is called adjacent color. Such as red and yellow. Adjacent color matching, harmonious and unified.

Contrast color: a color with a distance of 120 °to 180 °is called a contrast color. Such as red and green. Contrast color matching, will produce a strong visual impact.

Complementary colors: colors that are 180 °apart, on the contrary, are called complementary colors. Like red and cyan.

When adjusting colors, you should follow the following rules:

If you add a certain color to ①, you can increase the adjacent colors at the same distance on both sides in equal proportion. For example, if we want to add 60 °yellow, we can add both red (60-60 °) and green (60 °- 60 °120 °).

② adds complementary colors, which does not change its hue, but reduces its saturation. For example, when cyan is added to red, the red saturation decreases and tends to gray.

Tip: before changing the color, you can use the color picker to look at the value of the color (RGB content, CMY content).

04. Color 3 elements: HSL color has three elements, namely hue (H), saturation (S) and lightness (B).

Hue: the category of color, just look at the hue ring directly.

Saturation: the purity of the color, the higher the saturation, the brighter the color, the lower the saturation, the closer the color is to black and white.

Brightness: the brightness of the color, the larger the value, the brighter the color, and the lower the value, the darker the color.

05. Give a simple example. Give two simple examples.

This is a picture of the lotus. Now I want to change the lotus leaf to a dark green tone.

Lotus leaves are now yellow and green. If you want to turn cyan, you need to increase the value of hue. Then properly reduce the saturation and brightness, we can initially achieve the desired effect. So I made the following adjustments in the ps Hue saturation tool.

This is a picture of a big white goose. Now the overall color is a little dark, and the gray water is not good enough. I want the water to turn blue.

The water is now neutral gray, so I chose neutral gray in the ps tool, adding cyan and magenta (magenta), which is adding blue. I reduced the yellow again, which is to further enhance the blue. The big white goose also turned blue, so I chose white and yellow and made a reverse adjustment to remove the blue.

These are not only the basic knowledge of color, but also the basic skills and the first step of drawing revision in the later stage. For more advanced skills, you are welcome to follow the follow-up articles.

This article is from the official account of Wechat: photography Research Society (ID:shoujiPhotography), by Zhang Xiaozhang.

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