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HTTP Foundation

2025-02-04 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Internet Technology >

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1. URI and URL

URI: uniform Resource Identifier

URL: uniform resource locator

URL is a subset of URI

Generally speaking, URI can be thought of as URL

2. HTML: hypertext markup language

3. HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol

More accurately, it is called HTTP over TCP/IP.

The HTTP protocol is designed to transfer data between two points.

HTTP transmits hypertext data such as text, pictures, audio, video, etc.

HTTP protocol usually runs on top of TCP/IP protocol stack.

Rely on IP protocol for addressing and routing

Rely on TCP protocol to realize reliable data transmission

Implementation of domain name lookup based on DNS protocol

Rely on SSL/TLS protocol to realize secure communication

Protocols such as WebSocket depend on HTTP

4. Something related to the HTTP protocol

Web browser: the requester; the role of User Agent, that is, the user agent, initiates the HTTP request as the user's agent

Wget, curl and other command-line tools on Linux are based on HTTP and are also a kind of User Agent

Web server: responder; authentic Apache, Microsoft IIS; now Nginx is also very fierce

CDN: content distribution network, located between the browser and the server, using caching and proxy technology instead of the origin server to respond to client requests

If the scheduling algorithm of CDN is excellent, you can find the node closest to the user and greatly shorten the response time.

In addition to basic network acceleration, it also provides functions such as load balancing, security protection, cross-operator networks, etc.

Crawler: another kind of User Agent

Whether it is crawler or anti-crawler, the basic technologies used are HTTP and HTML.

IP protocol: the main purpose is to address and routing

TCP protocol: transmission control protocol, on top of IP protocol

DNS: domain name system that maps a domain name to its IP address, that is, domain name resolution.

HTTPS:HTTP over SSL/TLS, that is, HTTP running on the SSL/TLS protocol

HTTPS=HTTP+SSL/TLS+TCP/IP

Agents: generally there are forward Dai Li (agent client) and reverse Dai Li (agent server)

CDN is the proxy server that responds to the client's request and is the reverse Dai Li.

Nginx belongs to reverse Dai Li when load balancing.

5. Domain name system

Root Domain name Server (Root DNS Server):

-manage top-level domain name servers and return the IP addresses of top-level domain name servers such as "com", "net", "cn", etc.

Top-level domain name server (Top-level DNS Server):

-manage authoritative domain name servers under their respective domain names. For example, com top-level domain name servers can return the IP address of apple.com domain name servers.

Authoritative Domain name Server (Authoritative DNS Server):

-manage the IP address of the host under your domain name. For example, the authoritative apple.com domain name server can return the IP address of www.apple.com.

DNS usually uses caching, otherwise it would be too slow to access the root DNS every time.

The parsing process of DNS:

Browser cache-> operating system cache (ipconfig / displaydns may be viewed on memory and hard disk)-> local hard disk hosts file-> non-authoritative domain name server-> root domain name server-> top-level domain name server-> authoritative domain name server.

Non-authoritative domain name servers also include LDNS (Intranet DNS Server) and DNS, the three major operators.

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