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Focal length is an important parameter of the lens, to buy a lens must consider what kind of focal length lens, and different lenses are suitable for different subjects.

We often hear that 50mm lenses are used to shoot portraits and wide-angle lenses are needed to shoot scenery. Why do I have to change the focal length? can't I take a few more steps to change the distance?

In this article, we will talk about the different effects of "lens focal length" and "shooting distance". You will understand after reading it.

Let's first take a look at a group of photos taken with different focal lengths. The visual effect is completely different. Zoom is not equal to shooting close / far away, let alone magnifying / cutting.

If there is a tree in the distance, which is so far away that it looks very small, there will be two shooting schemes:

1. Stand in place and lengthen the focal length of the lens. (lens focal length)

two。 Walk to the tree and shoot with a short focus. (shooting distance)

No matter which scheme is used in the actual shooting, the tree can be taken big enough and clear enough to fill the whole picture. However, the spatial perspective brought by the two schemes is completely different, which is what needs to be considered in composition.

Spatial perspective

The sense of perspective here refers to the "near big and far small", the near object is large, the distant object is small, which affects the "sense of space" and "sense of compression".

The closer the ① is, the bigger it is, and the farther it is, the smaller it is.

When we shoot with a wide-angle lens, it is very close to the subject, the nearby scene will look very large, and the distant scene will appear very small. At this time, the sense of space will also be very strong, you can obviously feel the change from near to far.

The farther away the ② is, the smaller the appearance change appears.

When you are far away from the subject, you need to shoot with a telephoto lens. With telephoto, you can still make the object very large, but the change in size is not so obvious.

In fact, this is the same thing as ①, we can think of the distance between objects as something, this thing is far away, it looks small.

In the following picture, the character is very far away from the camera, and then shot with a telephoto lens, the volume gap between the character and the moon becomes smaller, and you can get a misplaced shot.

The distance between objects has also been compressed, the sense of space will not be very strong, it looks as if everyone is on the same plane.

How to choose the focal length when taking a picture

Example 1

Suppose I want to take a portrait of a character. If you shoot with a wide-angle lens, you need to be very close. Due to perspective reasons, people's nose will appear particularly large, ears will be very small. This is obviously inappropriate.

In order to weaken the "size change", it is necessary to keep the person away. If you continue to shoot with a wide angle, the person will be too small in the photo. At this time, you must use the medium and long focal length to take a clear picture of the character.

Therefore, when shooting standard portraits, we should open a certain distance and use medium and long focal length to shoot.

Example 2

If I want to take a picture of the scenery, use a flower as the foreground. The flowers are very small and must be close to the shoot in order to look big. When you are very close to the foreground, if you want to shoot the whole scene behind, you must use a wide-angle focal section, that is, a wide-angle focal section.

To sum up: the shooting distance determines the sense of perspective (near size). When taking a picture, first determine the shooting distance according to the desired perspective effect, and then choose a good focal length in the view range.

This article is from the official account of Wechat: photography Research Society (ID:shoujiPhotography), by Zhang Xiaozhang.

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