Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

In the 19th century, the medical level of human beings was still very limited, and there was nothing doctors could do about some minor ailments at that time.

In order to make everyone suffer less, scientists plan to make some efforts to study the mysteries of organs.

As it happens, there was a physiologist named Pavlov in Russia who studied the human digestive system; the organ he was most concerned about was the stomach.

Pavlov knew that if you want to do a good experiment, the subject must meet two requirements: one is to be large in quantity, and the other is to be close to him.

When it comes to this request, people who don't know think he's looking for a playmate!

Pavlov himself wondered, "where can I find a group of subjects who will stay with me every day and never give up?"

Pavlov was thinking when he turned his head and saw the dog grabbing bones around his door.

He had an idea: anyway, it's not bad to live in the lab, so we might as well take the dogs in. They live comfortably in it, and I do the experiment smoothly. Got it!

Pavlov's hands and feet are called a sharp one. Decorate, open the door, please come in! The lab was packaged into a high-end kennel in less than two days.

When his dog looked at it, he thought it was Chinese New year, so he immediately packed up and went in.

Now that the subjects are available, the experiment can be started.

Pavlov wrote a stack of small theater plays, directed the dogs' lives every day, whet their appetites, observed how much they drooled, and then wrote them down in a small notebook.

At first, the dogs all looked like an uncle.

They would open their mouths only when Pavlov brought the meal to them.

Pavlov was both a father and a mother, cooking for them and serving them kindly.

But a few days later, Pavlov felt a little different.

He found that the dogs were putting on airs on the surface, but in fact they were very greedy.

Now all he has to do is bring out the meal and show it to the dogs, and they will open their mouths and drool.

Pavlov smiled secretly and gave the monkeys a mysterious name for their urgent saliva, which was called "soul secretion".

One day, Pavlov stared at the "soul secretion" and suddenly felt greedy, but he was greedy for the principle.

Why did these "dogs" become like this-they began to drool before they had eaten?

In order to understand what was going on, Pavlov had an idea and added a little trick to the previous play.

That day, when Pavlov went to deliver the meal, he had an extra bell in his hand.

First he rang the bell, and the dog kept a straight face without raising his eyelids.

Pavlov brought out the meal again, and the dog immediately grinned and drooled.

For every meal that followed, Pavlov would ring the bell, serve the meal, ring the bell, ring the bell, ring the bell.

It is said that people's hands are short and their mouths are soft. Although the bell sounds harsh, dogs dare not complain even if a hundred of them are unhappy in order to get a bite to eat.

They do this every day, hear the bell, then eat; hear the bell, eat; hear the bell, eat …

After a while, one day, as before, Pavlov came to deliver the meal with a bell.

He hid the rice behind his back, took out the bell and habitually shook it.

Suddenly, he found that the dog grinned when he heard the bell, and his mouth could not stop drooling.

Pavlov smiled, too. It was amazing!

After laughing, he immediately calmed down and wrote down this series of experimental phenomena.

Pavlov found that at the beginning of the experiment, dogs drooled whenever they ate a meal, a reflex that dogs and all other animals were born with, so he called it an "unconditioned reflex."

Later, under his repeated training, the dog drooled when he heard the bell. He thought that after several consecutive experiences, the dog took the "bell" as a signal to "eat." that's why he drooled when he heard the bell. That's why he called this reflex "conditioned reflex."

In 1904, Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine by virtue of this group of "great dogs" and a series of digestive experiments, becoming the first Russian scientist to win the Nobel Prize.

Since then, Pavlov's dogs have caused great repercussions in the scientific community, with a lot of discussion about their voices, from biology to psychology.

But in fact, Pavlov's dog is not far away from us, in modern society, we can even say that everyone is "Pavlov's dog."

When it comes to our most common "Pavlov", it must be mobile phones.

In the subway, as long as a person's mobile phone emits a familiar "Ding Dong" sound, people around them will subconsciously touch their pockets.

For those who are woken up by mobile phone alarm clocks every day, they will suddenly feel their heads "buzzing" when they hear similar alarm clocks in other places.

And this "Pavlov" is more expert, when it "flirts" us, it does not even need to use sound.

Even when we don't look at the phone, as long as the phone screen suddenly lights up, we can't help but pick it up and see what news we have received.

In this way, all our reactions and all our activities are squeezed to death by a small mobile phone.

But people in the rivers and lakes, can not help ah, now no matter where we go, we can no longer escape Pavlov's laboratory, even if we know the truth, we can only sigh: Wang …...

Wen Yuan: "Schrodinger's Cat: the adorable pet of the comic book scientist"

Author: Hao Zhifeng, Super Model Jun

Editor: Zhang Runxin

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Origin Reading (ID:tupydread), author: Hao Zhifeng Supermodel Jun

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