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When we look at a person smiling happily, we will say that he "smiles like an unworldly child". It does not mean that the child has no troubles, but that this heartfelt smile often makes people feel warm and pure.

This natural smile caused by cheerful emotions has many benefits. It can not only adjust your attitude and convey friendliness, but also show your self-confidence to others and charm everyone.

Photo source: GIPHY's official website is just a real smile, and we often see fake smiles that don't smile-such as the embarrassing smile on your face when you are late for class in the face of the teacher's stern eyes. Compared with the real smile, the fake smile is not from the heart happy, the expression also appears to be deliberately hypocritical.

Photo source: what's the difference between a fake smile and a real smile on GIPHY's official website? Can a fake smile confuse the brain and have a positive effect? Or is it because the fake smile is too deliberate, it will bring adverse physiological reactions?

True smile = du Xing smile to understand fake smile, first of all we need to know what is real smile. Through the different combinations, contraction and distortion of 42 facial muscles, the face we present to the world is constantly changing. Humans can produce thousands of different facial expressions-including 19 different types of smiles.

However, according to research by American psychologist Paul Ekman (Paul Ekman), only one of them is a "real" smile, or "Duchenne Smile".

Wikipedia- Eric McGregor du Xing smile was discovered by French anatomist du Xing in 1862, but it was not taken seriously until the 1950s and 1960s.

Through the study, du Xing found that the "real" smile mainly involves two facial muscles, namely the zygomatic [qu á n] major muscle connected to the corner of the mouth and the orbicularis oculi muscle around the orbit. The contraction of the former can lift the corners of the mouth, while the latter can move the apple muscles upward and make the eyes appear more curved. At the same time, some people will have smile lines in the corners of their eyes, or lying silkworms will be more obvious.

02, you are exposed, you are in the fake smile, by contrast, the fake smile appears to be "slightly calm". The lip angle movement of a fake smile is the same as that of a real smile, but does not involve changes caused by the muscles around the eyes. If you cover the lower part of the face of the fake smile, you will find that the eyes of the fake smile are dim and the eyebrows will not arch up.

Du Xing smile (left) and non-du Xing smile (right) Photo Source: reference [3] du Xing confirmed this in previous studies. He used an electric shock to stimulate the subjects' zygomatic muscles, as shown on the left, which made the corners of the subjects' mouth twitch, but the look in their eyes felt strange. Then he said something happy to the subjects, which made him laugh spontaneously. The picture on the right shows the subjects' heartfelt smile.

For the same subject, the smile on the right obviously made people feel more natural and happier, smiling as brightly as when you received the news that the final exam was cancelled or the holiday was extended by ten days. So, a real smile causes the orbicularis oculi muscle to move, which causes the eyes to close slightly.

Fake smile (left) and real smile (right) Photo Source: G.Mel B. Duchenne de Boulogn03, real smile vs fake smile: can you really tell the difference? With the above knowledge, can we assert that as long as there is no closure of the eyes, it must be a fake smile? In fact, if you deliberately make an exaggerated smile, it will also lead to eye closure; and a real smile, if only a smile, will not narrow the eyes.

So to tell whether the person on the other side is a real smile or fake smile, you have to look for more subtle details, such as slightly lowered eyebrows, the skin between the eyebrows and the state of the upper eyelids.

Photo source: reference [4] you may ask, if someone can actively control these facial muscles, can't they tell the difference between a real smile or a fake smile? Theoretically, yes, but according to Ackerman's research, few people can actively contract the orbicularis oculi muscle (Orbicularis oculi), which is part of the muscle that is difficult to contract actively.

The position of human facial muscle and orbicularis oculi muscle (Orbicularis oculi). Photo source: openstax.org orbicularis oculi muscle consists of two parts: the inner ring is used to tighten the eyelid and the skin under the eyelid, and the outer ring surrounds the eye socket, which can pull down the skin under the eyebrows and lift the skin under the eyes, and raise the cheeks.

Strictly speaking, everyone can control the inner circle muscle that tightens the eyelids. Without this action, we can't expose the fake smile, but the orbicularis oculi muscle in the outer circle is difficult to control.

For a long time, it has been thought that showing a "Duxing smile" in photos is a gift, and a good-looking fake smile may be a skill that varies from person to person. But research over the past few years seems to refute the idea that with practice, even a fake smile, you can smile well and sincerely (at least as it seems).

In the study that simulated du Xing's smile, 24% of participants were able to show a "du Xing smile" even if they heard less happy news (31% from the bottom of their heart). And when the researchers asked these people to imitate du Xing's smile, 71% succeeded.

In addition, many good actors seem to be really happy when they laugh. they may be one of the few people who can control the orbicularis oculi muscle in the outer circle. of course, memories may trigger memories that contain pleasant emotions. to produce a real expression.

A fake smile is fine, but don't drink too much. As we all know, "smile for less than ten years". Keeping a smile is good for your health. When we laugh, our facial muscles react, driving our nerves to produce hormones that trigger a series of stress-relieving responses. So when we fake a smile, will it have the same effect?

The answer is yes. Although a heartfelt smile has the strongest effect, there is evidence that even a fake smile has a similar effect. According to research from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, fake smile achieves this through a hypothetical effect called facial feedback (FFH, Facial Feedback Hypothesis): artificially expressing a certain facial expression can lead to the generation or enhancement of the corresponding emotional experience.

Fake smile can reduce stress, and it can also bring the physiological effect of "messing with the real", but long-term fake smile is not conducive to physical and mental health. For the sake of work or social needs, many people have to fake smile for a long time and maintain the business "standard smile" all the time.

In the long run, this professional smile suppresses people's true feelings, and on the contrary, it will make "smile" become a burden, and over time, it may even develop into depression, which is often manifested as feeling very anxious and depressed at the bottom of the heart. but on the outside, it seems that nothing has happened and smiles.

Photo: pixabay's heartfelt smile makes people feel refreshed, like a spring breeze, but it doesn't mean that a fake smile is "useless". Fake smile is not only a kind of social etiquette, but also can bring a benign reaction similar to real smile.

It's just that a fake smile is like medicine, which can only be taken when necessary. Often forcing a fake smile will only make you feel tired. In short, we do not need to fake smile with the burden, the most important thing is to smile sincerely, to be a "heartless smile"!

reference

[1] facial expression and behavior consistency teach you to identify where the fake smile is. Http://jysh.people.cn/ n1ax 2019 Universe 0918 / c404390-31358734.html

[2] Duchenne de Boulogne. Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchenne_de_Boulogne

[3] Sacco D F, Brown M, Lustgraaf C J N, et al. Women's dangerous world beliefs predict more accurate discrimination of affiliative facial cues [J]. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 2017, 11 (4): 309.

Vandeventer J, Patterson E. Differentiating Duchenne from non-Duchenne smiles using active appearance models [C] / / 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2012: 319-324.

[5] Paul Ekman. Https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC

[6] Smiling with Your Eyes: What Exactly Is a Duchenne Smile? Https://www.healthline.com/health/duchenne-smile

[7] Fake Smile or Genuine Smile? The importance of the Duchenne smile. Https://www.paulekman.com/blog/fake-smile-or-genuine-smile/

[8] Duchenne Smile, A genuine smile that involves the muscles around the eyes. Https://www.newscientist.com/definition/duchenne-smile/

[9] how to distinguish a fake smile? Three scientific ways to help you see through the acting skills of your friends https://www.bilibili.com/ read / cv1709480/

[10] won't you laugh when you take a picture? Why does the smile in the photo always look like being forced to do business? Https://mp.weixin.qq.com/ s / OnH78RZh6e7CZRHc634eJQ

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