Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

In summer, the ice cream just taken out of the refrigerator will melt quickly.

In winter, hot water bags filled with hot water can warm cold hands.

Heat only seems to flow automatically from high-temperature objects to cold ones.

So what happens when the high temperature object is no longer high temperature, the low temperature object is no longer low temperature, and the temperature of the two objects becomes the same?

For example, Xiao Ming just came back from playing basketball and was so sweaty and thirsty that he poured a glass of ice water at 0 degrees Celsius to drink.

At this time, his mother suddenly appeared, raised her hand and poured the same amount of boiled water into the ice water.

Regardless of other factors, the water in Xiaoming's hand soon changed to 50 degrees Celsius, his face collapsed instantly, and it was not exciting to drink at all.

By this time, the original hot water and cold water had merged into one, and I am afraid even Moses could not tell them apart.

If every molecule of hot water is called "fast molecule" and every molecule of cold water is called "slow molecule", then in this glass of water, the fast and slow molecules are you and me, and we are all good brothers hand in hand.

If the fast and slow elements are hostile, this is tantamount to successfully infiltrating the enemy, making it impossible to distinguish between the enemy and ourselves.

When the knowledge point comes, in such a very chaotic and disordered state as mentioned above, we can say that the entropy value is very large.

Entropy is one of the parameters that characterize the state of material system in thermodynamics, and its physical meaning is a measure of the degree of confusion of the system.

If the system reaches the most chaotic and disordered state, then the entropy is the maximum.

Chaos and disorder are not a good word to hear.

It will be a difficult time if the world becomes more and more chaotic and disorderly.

So, in order to live a good life, you have to reduce entropy.

In other words, isn't it chaotic and disorderly? Then make it orderly and orderly.

In terms of thermodynamics, it does not allow heat to flow from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects, so the entropy is reduced.

But the problem also arises, once the heat does not flow, then how to do work?

Doing work is the process of transforming energy from one form to another.

Classical mechanics holds that when a force acts on a body and causes it to pass through a distance in the direction of the force, it is said in mechanics that the force has done work on the body.

Think about the lively scene when the steam vibrates against the lid when you boil water in your house.

Steam engines, internal combustion engines and steam turbines also use this principle to work.

In order to solve this problem, heat still has to flow. But does the heat flow have to be hot and cold?

Some scientists just want to make it hotter and colder.

But the second law of thermodynamics says, "impossible!"

Just when everyone liked and approved, the British physicist Maxwell patted the table and roared: "you are wrong!"

To prove himself right, Maxwell imagined that there was a demon with boundless power.

This demon is mainly responsible for watching the gate. Miraculously, the gate can be everywhere as long as it wants to.

This is like saying that we put the world in a room in which fast and slow molecules live together and everyone plays happily together, and the world becomes more and more chaotic and disorderly, and the entropy becomes greater and greater.

Just then, the Maxwell demon himself built a wall in the middle of the room and installed a door. Only by opening the door can the molecules on the left go to the right and the molecules on the right can go to the left.

Now, Maxwell said, "I am the boss in this world and listen to me. Fast molecules can only stay on the left and slow ones can only stay on the right."

The molecules were trembling in front of the powerful Maxwell demon and had to be obedient.

The fast molecule on the right ran quickly to the door, and the slow one on the left walked slowly to the door. They said to the Maxwell demon, "Boss, we listen to you and go to the other side."

The Maxwell demon glanced at it and saw clearly who was fast and who was slow.

If a silly fast element has entered the space on the left, but regrets it and wants it back because he likes the space on the right too much, I'm sorry, Maxwell will impolitely close the door and kick it.

As a result, the world became very orderly under the control of the Maxwell demon, with only fast molecules on the left and slow molecules on the right, with the lowest entropy, the maximum temperature difference and the extreme amount of heat that can be used to do work.

That is to say, with the help of the Maxwell demon, heat flows continuously from cooler objects to hot ones. If you use this heat to do work, it is tantamount to building a perpetual motion machine!

When Maxwell made his demon public, the scientific community was shocked again, and even many people came forward to support Maxwell, threatening: "the Maxwell demon has overturned the second law of thermodynamics!"

But the one in the face will come soon.

Because, where does the power of the Maxwell demon come from?

As long as the Maxwell demon is in trouble, it consumes energy when it manipulates the gate, and it consumes far more energy than it gets.

This means that the expenditure is greater than the income, the income cannot make ends meet, and the business is sold at a loss.

In other words, the Maxwell demon still hasn't overturned the second law of thermodynamics.

So the Maxwell demon fell from the throne.

However, although it is down and out, the legendary "demon life" it left to us will continue to live on.

Maybe one day, it will become another demon and return to the throne with a perpetual motion machine.

Wen Yuan: "Schrodinger's Cat: the adorable pet of the comic book scientist"

Author: Hao Zhifeng, Super Model Jun

Editor: Zhang Runxin

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: Origin Reading (ID:tupydread), author: Hao Zhifeng Supermodel Jun

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