Shulou(Shulou.com)11/24 Report--

As the holiday is approaching, it is believed that many people will have more parties, and the reminder of "do not drink alcohol after taking these pills" has also been repeatedly emphasized by everyone.

The case is so amazing, what on earth is this "disulfiram-like reaction"? Is it really that scary? what kind of drugs are cephalosporins and floxacin?

It's too long to read the version.

1. It may be dangerous to eat alcohol with some drugs. Including but not limited to: cephalosporin, metronidazole, sleeping pills, paracetamol.

2, can you stagger the time? No, don't drink alcohol for the whole period of medication.

3, how to know that drugs are not taboo to alcohol? Read the instructions carefully or ask your doctor for advice before eating.

4, do not take medicine and do not drink so much, controlling the amount of alcohol is the healthiest!

5. Health is not a joke. If someone forcibly persuades you to drink, please lose face and seriously refuse Ta.

What is "dithiram"? The disulfiram-like reaction, as its name implies, is known from the substance disulfiram.

Disulfiram is a catalyst for rubber vulcanization. People in the past have found that exposure to alcohol after exposure to this substance can cause chest tightness, shortness of breath, facial flushing, headache, nausea and other symptoms, so they call this phenomenon a "disulfiram-like reaction." To this end, disulfide has also been developed as an alcohol abstinence drug to be marketed in some countries, in order to establish people's aversion to alcohol.

▲ diagram | pixabay

Later, it was gradually discovered that not only the disulfide itself, but also some other drugs can cause such a reaction. Among these drugs, some cephalosporins are closely related to us, including cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and so on. In addition, metronidazole, ketoconazole and other drugs can also cause similar reactions. In addition to chest tightness, shortness of breath, headaches and nausea, "taking medicine and drinking" can sometimes even lead to fatal consequences of respiratory depression, heart failure and even death.

▲ anti-anaerobic metronidazole, also known as metronidazole. Widely used in the treatment of toothache, various parts of anaerobic infection, as well as Trichomonas vaginalis and other gynecological diseases. Anyway, you don't know when you're going to eat it, and it's hard to prevent a dithiram-like reaction.

These drugs can cause disulfiram-like reactions because they can affect the metabolism of ethanol in the body: when ethanol enters the body, it is first converted into acetaldehyde by ethanol dehydrogenase in the body, and then converted by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to acetic acid. And if acetaldehyde accumulates in the body, it will produce uncomfortable symptoms.

Disulfiram-like reaction occurs because these drugs can bind to acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in the body and inhibit the activity of the enzyme, so that acetaldehyde can not be metabolized rapidly and accumulate in the body. Sometimes even a little exposure to ethanol can cause acetaldehyde to accumulate in the body and cause discomfort. Some particularly sensitive people, even if they smear their skin with alcohol, will have a similar reaction. If it is only local disinfection, because the amount of alcohol is very small, but if the whole body is applied to physically cool down, it will not be safe.

▲ alcohol can be absorbed through the skin, using it to wipe the bath to cool down already has the risk of allergy and poisoning, especially should not be used in infants. | | pixabay |

I ate cephalosporin and drank alcohol, but what happened? The severity of disulfide reaction varies among individuals, which is mainly related to the amount of alcohol exposed and individual sensitivity. The more alcohol is absorbed, the more sensitive the individual is, and the more serious the symptoms are.

Generally speaking, the disulfide reaction is not fatal, it just suffers for a while, and can be relieved quickly after symptomatic treatment (otherwise it would not have been approved as an alcohol abstinence drug). But! This is not the case for people who are more sensitive, or who have poor heart function. Severe disulfiram-like reactions can cause respiratory depression, heart failure and even death. Because of this, the instructions for disulfide as an alcohol abstinence drug are also marked "only for people who have a strong desire to abstain from alcohol"-what if an alcoholic with weak willpower secretly drinks after taking the drug? People will die, too!

▲ diagram | pixabay

It should be noted that there is still the possibility of disulfiram-like reaction not only during medication, but also when the drug in the body has not been completely metabolized after withdrawal. Therefore, when using such drugs, you should stay away from alcohol not only during the period of medication, but also within 1-2 weeks after withdrawal.

Even if some people get away with it because they are physically insensitive or drink a small amount of alcohol, I don't advise you to follow the example of ta-- and not to joke about your lives.

It is worth mentioning that in addition to the disulfiram-like reaction, alcohol can interact with a variety of drugs through other ways, which is equally harmful to the rehabilitation of the disease.

For example, if you drink more alcohol in a short period of time, alcohol will "compete" with some drugs for metabolic enzymes, resulting in drugs that cannot be metabolized in time. For example: warfarin, a drug used to prevent blood clots, drinking alcohol can reduce its metabolism in the body, increase its efficacy, and increase the risk of bleeding.

If you drink too much for a long time, it will have a very different effect on the use of drugs. When drinking a lot of alcohol for a long time, the human body will be "summoned" to produce more specific types of metabolic enzymes (CYP2E1) to enhance metabolism. At this time, the metabolism of related drugs will also be enhanced. The result of increased metabolism may be that the drug does not achieve the desired effect, or it may be an increase in side effects. For example, in alcoholics, antipyretic analgesics acetaminophen (Tylenol, strychnine, paracetamol, paracetamol, paracetamol. It is more likely to produce harmful intermediate metabolites, which requires extra vigilance.

Alcohol + sedatives, the central dizziness in addition to the metabolic interference, the effects of alcohol and drugs on the human body may also be superimposed, of which the most noteworthy is the inhibition of the central nervous system.

Despite the fact that drinking a little wine can cause high, alcohol still has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, while other drugs have similar effects, such as sedatives and anti-allergy drugs that make people sleepy. Originally, the inhibitory effect of a single drug may only make people drowsy, but if combined with the inhibitory effect of alcohol, it may overinhibit the central nervous system, which can lead to increased side effects, even normal physiological function can not be maintained. the consequences of "overinhibition" can sometimes be dangerous, such as coma and respiratory depression.

In addition, drugs and alcohol can also produce some other types of interactions, such as drugs can make alcohol absorbed by the body faster, drinking can also aggravate the damage of drugs to the liver or digestive tract mucosa.

How to avoid problems? The best way, of course, is to stay away from alcohol when you get sick and take medicine. After all, drinking is not a healthy thing, in addition to interfering with drugs, they can also have adverse effects on disease control.

In addition, notes on drugs and alcohol consumption can be obtained through the drug instructions, which are generally written under the "precautions" or "drug interactions" column. If the manual makes it clear that you should not drink alcohol, don't drink it.

Example of ▲ manual

However, the current drug instructions are still not very friendly to the public. So, the instructions you see may also look like this:

Or something like this...

And then, here's what you do:

▲ diagram | pixabay

What if I don't understand? Ask a professional for advice. When prescribing medicine, doctors usually talk about those important points for attention. In addition, it should be reminded that "do not drink alcohol" is throughout the entire medication period, to be on the safe side, but also to consider the time required for drug metabolism, does not mean to stagger medication time and drinking time for a few hours! After taking the medicine in the morning, can I drink in the evening? After drinking wine before going to bed, can I take medicine when I get up? -- No! Please stop it!

If it is a chronic alcoholism, it is also best to consult a doctor. Alcoholism itself is very harmful to health, if the addiction can not be controlled, doctors can also provide professional treatment.

Finally, it is important to emphasize that even without drugs, it is not safe to play with your life and drink. There are so many ways to express your feelings, why not drink?

▲ diagram | pixabay

In this paper, the cartoons are drawn for the author.

This article comes from the official account of Wechat: fruit shell (ID:Guokr42), author: window knocking rain

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