Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Job task description

Both An and B companies have their own independent local area networks. And they are far away (more than 100 meters). Now the two companies have merged and need to lay optical fiber to realize the network communication and resource sharing of the two companies' local area networks.

Theoretical study

Question 1: what is the difference between static and dynamic routes?

A: a static route is a fixed route set in the router. Static routing is usually used in small and medium-sized network environments with simple network topology (no loops).

Dynamic routing depends on the automatic routing calculation and routing table item update by the dynamic routing protocol configured by each router. When the network node or link fails, dynamic routing can automatically discover and adjust the route in time. Dynamic routing is suitable for network construction projects with large network scale and complex network structure.

Question 2: briefly describe the constituent elements of the route and the role of each element?

A: constituent elements: route type, destination network, subnet mask, forwarding interface or next-hop gateway, administrative distance, metrics, etc.

Function: route type-indicates the type or source of the routing table entry.

Destination network-the address of the destination network (subnet) to which the data needs to be forwarded.

Subnet mask-calibrates the data coordinates of the routing address.

Forwarding interface-the router forwarding hardware interface that reaches the destination network.

Next-hop gateway-the IP address of the peer router interface that reaches the destination network and connects to this router is called the next-hop gateway, which is the interface IP address of the first neighbor router used for packet forwarding.

Administrative distance-sets the priority of each route.

Metric-various routing protocols measure the "path length" to the destination network, and the metric for static routes defaults to 0.

Question 3: what is the difference between a normal route and a default route?

A: the default route command format is: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {next hop gateway / forwarding interface}

The format of the normal routing command is: Router (config) # ip route [destination network] [subnet mask] {forwarding interface / next hop gateway}

Task implementation

1. Network topology design (paste the topology diagram of PT and have the planning information of IP address)

two。 Device configuration commands (each router is configured separately)

A

B

3. Single-stage test results

4. Comprehensive test results

5. View routes for each router

A

B

Work expansion

If three routers are connected to four subnets, how to configure routing (see task expansion in the textbook section), please list the routes configured by each router

1. Use Fine routing configuration

R1

R2

R3

two。 Use default routing configuration

R1

R2

Think about the question:

1. How to apply the point-by-point testing method?

2. In the process of ping, there are several types of response information. What do they represent?

Answer: there are about 7, replyfrom normal is this phenomenon. Request timed out the other party has been turned off and the other party is not in the same network segment, through the route can not find each other, but sometimes the other party does exist. The other party does exist, but ICMP packet filtering is set (such as firewall settings). The wrong IP address. Destination host Unreachable is not in the same network segment as you are, and you have not set a default route. For example, if you do not set a default route on machine An in the above example, "Destinationhost Unreachable" will appear when you run Ping192.168.0.1.4. Because of the network cable, the information of Sourcequench received is relatively special, and the probability of its occurrence is very small. It indicates that the other party or the halfway server is busy and unable to respond. The error message of Unknown host-- unknown host means that the name of the remote host cannot be translated into an IP address by a domain name server (DNS). The cause of the failure may be a failure of the domain name server, or an incorrect name, or a failure of the communication line between the network administrator's system and the remote host. The failure of No answer-- not responding indicates that the local system has a route to the central host, but does not receive any information it sends to the central host. The failure may be caused by one of the following: the central host is not working; the local or central host network is not configured correctly; the local or central router is not working; the communication line is faulty; and the central host has routing problems. Ping 127.0.0.1 Ping 127.0.0.1 is the local circular address. If this address cannot be Ping, it means that the native TCP/IP protocol is not working properly. No rout to host: the network card is not working properly. The transmitfailed,error code:10043 Nic driver is not working properly. The unknown host name:DNS is not configured correctly.

3. Describe the forwarding process of the router in your own words (see textbook page 132).

Answer: first of all, the inbound interface, come down to the router to search the routing table, and then perform a lookup, and then the packet arrives at the egress station and is sent to the destination.

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