Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

What is brought to you today is the application of VRRP. In order to solve the problem of single point of failure between layer 3 network devices, VRRP is introduced.

Before the experiment, let's take a look at some brief knowledge points of VRRP.

Definition and Overview of VRRP (reference)

1. Virtual routing redundancy Protocol (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, referred to as VRRP) is a routing protocol proposed by IETF to solve the single point of failure of static gateways in LAN. In 1998, a formal RFC2338 protocol standard was introduced. VRRP is widely used in edge networks, and its design goal is to support the failure of IP data traffic under certain circumstances without confusion, to allow hosts to use a single router, and to maintain connectivity between routers even if the actual first hop router fails.

2.VRRP is a selection protocol that dynamically allocates the responsibilities of a virtual router to one of the VRRP routers on the LAN. The VRRP router that controls the IP address of the virtual router is called the master router and is responsible for forwarding packets to these virtual IP addresses. [1] once the primary router is unavailable, this selection process provides a dynamic failover mechanism, which allows the IP address of the virtual router to be the default first-hop router for the end host. Is a backup protocol for LAN access devices. All hosts in a local area network set a default gateway, so that messages sent by the host whose destination address is not in the local network segment will be sent to the layer 3 switch through the default gateway, thus realizing the communication between the host and the external network.

3.VRRP is a routing fault-tolerant protocol, which can also be called backup routing protocol. All hosts in a local area network set a default route. when the destination address sent by the host in the network is not in the local network segment, the message will be sent to the external router through the default route, thus realizing the communication between the host and the external network. When the default router down is off (that is, the port is closed), the internal host will not be able to communicate with the outside. If the router has set VRRP, then the virtual route will enable backup router to achieve network-wide communication.

> how VRRP works (reference):

1. When the router turns on the VRRP feature, it determines its role in the backup group according to its priority. The high priority router becomes the active router, and the low priority router becomes the backup router. The active router sends VRRP advertisement messages periodically to inform other routers in the backup group that they are working properly, while the standby router starts a timer to wait for the arrival of the advertisement message.

2.VRRP replaces the active role differently under different active preemption modes:

In the preemptive mode, when the active router receives the VRRP advertisement message, it will compare its priority with the priority in the advertisement message. If it is greater than the priority in the advertisement message, it becomes the active router; otherwise, it remains standby.

L in non-preemptive mode, as long as the active router does not fail, the router in the backup group always remains active or standby, and the router in the backup group will not become the active router even if it is subsequently configured with a higher priority.

3. If the standby router does not receive the VRRP advertisement message from the active router after the timer expires, it is considered that the active router is no longer working properly, and the standby router will think that it is the active router and send the VRRP advertisement message to the outside. The router in the backup group selects the active router according to the priority and undertakes the forwarding function of the message.

The difference between VRRP and HSRP

The working mechanism of RRP protocol is similar to that of HSRP (Hot Standby Routing Protocol) of CISCO company. But the main difference between the two is that in the HSRP of CISCO, it is necessary to configure a separate IP address as the external address of the virtual router, which cannot be the interface address of any member of the group.

There are a lot of content, you can find du Niang if you are interested, today we mainly let you understand VRRP through experiments, let's get to the point below, Go Go Go!

Name of the experiment:

Construction of small and medium-sized Network-- Application of VRRP

Lab Topology:

Lab requirements:

1. Implement PC1-PC4 access to public network services

two。 Back up the main router of the terminal PC and briefly analyze it

The techniques to be used in the experiment:

`VRRP,Access and Trunk,OSPF

Experimental ideas (personal only):

1. To see this topology, address planning should be carried out before the experiment. In order to meet the requirements of the experiment, you can configure it manually.

two。 After planning, configure the IP address of PC (you can be careful)

3. Configure layer 2 switch (mainly configure link mode, before configuration, you can think about how the traffic should go properly)

4. Configure the router (mainly configure VRRP to meet the experimental requirements through the primary router and backup router)

5. Configure the public network (NAT technology is not used in this experiment, mainly VRRP. In order to meet the requirements of accessing the public network, OSPF is used to build neighbors)

6. Verification and testing

Experimental steps: a, address planning: PC address planning:

Router address Planning:

B. Configure PC, configure according to address plan C, configure switch main operations: create vlan, configure link mode SW1:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw1 changes the name

[sw1] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw1] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 13 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all vlan to pass through

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] int gi 0ram 0ram 14 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all vlan to pass through

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] int gi 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port default vlan10 only allows vlan10 to pass through

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int gi 0ram 0ram 2 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan20 only allows vlan20 to pass through

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] int gi 0ram 0ram 3 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan10 only allows vlan10 to pass through

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] int gi 0ramram12 entry port

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] port trunk allow-pass vlan allyunxusuoyouvlan passed

[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] Q exit

[sw1]

SW2:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw2 changes the name

[sw2] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw2] interface GigabitEthernet 0ramram12 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all VLAN to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/12] int gi 0ram 0ram 13 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all vlan to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/13] int gi 0ram 0ram 14 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all VLAN to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/14] int gi 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port default vlan20 only allows vlan20 to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int gi 0ram 0ram 2 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan10 only allows vlan10 to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] int gi 0ram 0ram 3 entry port

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan20 only allows vlan20 to pass through

[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] Q exit

[sw2]

SW3:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw3 changes the name

[sw3] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw3] interface Ethernet0/0/1 entry port

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1] port default vlan10 only allows vlan10 to pass through

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/1] int e0/0/13

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/13] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/13] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/13] int e0/0/11

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/11] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/11] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw3-Ethernet0/0/11] Q exit

SW4:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw4 changes the name

[sw4] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw4] interface Ethernet0/0/1 entry port

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1] port default vlan20 only allows vlan20 to pass through

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/1] int e0Compact 11 entry port

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/11] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/11] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/11] int e0Compact 14 entry port

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/14] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/14] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw4-Ethernet0/0/14] Q exit

[sw4]

SW5:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw5 changes the name

[sw5] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw5] interface Ethernet0/0/1 entry port

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/1] port default vlan10 only allows vlan10 to pass through

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/1] int e0Compact 11 entry port

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/11] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/11] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/11] int e0Compact 13 entry port

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/13] port link-type trunk configure link mode configure link mode

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/13] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw5-Ethernet0/0/13] Q exit

[sw5]

SW6

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys sw6 changes the name

[sw6] vlan batch 10 20 batch create vlan

Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.

[sw6] interface Ethernet0/0/1 entry port

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/1] port link-type access configure link mode

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/1] port default vlan20 only allows vlan20 to pass through

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/1] int e0Compact 11 entry port

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/11] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/11] port trunk allow-pass vlan alll allows all vlan to pass through

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/11] int e0Compact 14 entry port

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/14] port link-type trunk configure link mode

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/14] port trunk allow-pass vlan all allows all vlan to pass through

[sw6-Ethernet0/0/14] Q exit

D, configure the gateway and VRRP and enable the tracking function

R1 is configured as the primary router of the vlan10 host, R3 is configured as the primary router of the vlan20 host, and the backup router is configured on other routers.

The detailed configuration is as follows

Insert: how does vrrp choose the primary router?

In the VRRP router group, the master router is elected by priority. The priority range in the VRRP protocol is 0-255.If the IP address of the VRRP router is the same as the interface IP address of the virtual router, the virtual router is said to be the IP address owner in the VRRP group. The IP address owner automatically has the highest priority: 255. priority 0 is generally used when the IP address owner actively relinquishes the role of master. The configurable priority range is 1-254. priority configuration principles can be set based on link speed and cost, router performance and reliability, and other management policies. In the election of the master router, the high-priority virtual router wins, so If there is an IP address owner in the VRRP group, it always appears as the master routing role. Candidate routers with the same priority are elected in the order of IP address size. VRRP also provides a priority preemption policy, which, if configured, deprives the current low-priority master router of the current low-priority master router and becomes the new master router

R1:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys R1 changes the name

[R1] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 0 entry port

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.10.251 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 priority 250 configure priority. Default is 100.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] Q exit

[R1] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.20.251 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] vrrp vrid 20 priority 50 configure priority. Default is 100.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] Q exit

[R1] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 2 entry port

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] Q exit

[R1]

R2:

R2 does not change the priority. The default is 100.

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys R2 changes the name

[R2] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 0 entry port

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.20.252 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 20 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] int gi 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.10.252 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int gi 0ram 0ram 2 entry port

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] Q exit

[R2]

R3:

Undo te mo

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys R3 changes the name

[R3] interface GigabitEthernet 0ram 0ram 0 entry port

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.10.253 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 virtual-ip 192.168.10.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 priority 50 configure priority. Default is 100.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 10 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] int gi 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] undo shutdown opens the port. Huawei opens it by default, but it is still used to open it. Form a good configuration habit of opening the port.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.20.253 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] vrrp vrid 20 virtual-ip 192.168.20.254 configure virtual gateway address

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] vrrp vrid 20 priority 250 configure priority. Default is 100.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 20 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/ 2 reduced 250 tracks the status of port gi0/0/1 and reduces by 250 if down

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int gi 0ram 0ram 2 entry port

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] ip address 192.168.100.3 255.255.255.0 configure physical port IP address

[R3]

R4:

Undo te mo turns off logging

Info: Current terminal monitor is off.

Sys enters the system view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei] sys R4 changes the name

[R4] int gi 0ram 0ram 1 entry port

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] ip address 192.168.100.254 24 configure physical port address

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] int gi 0 Universe 0 entry port

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] undo shutdown opens the port, Huawei opens it by default, but it still turns on habitually, forming a good configuration habit.

Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.200.25424 configure physical port address

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] Q exit

E, configure ospf to learn routing entries from each other through ospf protocol to achieve routing purposes. R1:

[R1] ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 enable the process and configure RID (described in a previous article)

[R1-ospf-1] area 0 enters area 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] Q exit

[R1-ospf-1] Q exit

[R1]

R2:

[R2] ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 enable processes and configure RID (described in previous articles)

[R2-ospf-1] area 0 enters area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] Q exit

[R2-ospf-1] Q exit

[R2]

R3:

[R3-ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 enable process and configure RID (as described in previous articles)

[R3-ospf-1] area 0 enters area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] Q exit

[R3-ospf-1] Q exit

[R3]

R4:

[R4]

[R4] ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 enable process and configure RID (described in previous articles)

[R4-ospf-1] area 0 enters area 0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255 declares the network range

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] Q exit

[R4-ospf-1] Q exit

F, verification and testing

Verify:

View the identity of each router (R1-R3)

At this point, R1 can be proved to be the primary router of vlan10 and the backup router of vlan20.

R2 acts as a backup router for vlan10 and vlan20

R3 as the primary router of vlan20 and the backup router of vlan10

Take R4 as an example to view the neighbor table

View routing tabl

Test: take PC1 as an example:

Because the main router (Master) of the VLAN where the PC1 is located is R1, we simulate the failure of R1 and the simultaneous failures of R1 and R2, observe the changes of other routers, and verify that PC1 can still connect to the external network.

R1 failure (turn off gi0/0/2 simulation):

[R1] int gi 0/0/2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] shutdown

View the changes in R2 and R3:

View connectivity from PC1 to server:

R1 and R2 fail at the same time (both R1 and R2 turn off gi0/0/2 emulation):

[R1] int gi 0/0/2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] shutdown

[R12int gi 0/0/2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] shutdown

View the changes in R3:

View connectivity from PC1 to server:

It is proved that in this topology, even if two of the three routers fail, PC1 can still access the external network normally (of course, if all three routers are broken, it can only be resigned to fate), which achieves the purpose of preventing a single point of failure.

This is the end of the experiment, the novice editor, there are any deficiencies, the gods can put forward, the editor will work hard to correct, please pay more attention, thank you!

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