Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

file system

File system structure:

/boot: directory where boot files are stored, kernel files and boot loaders are stored

/bin;/sbin: binary program

/lib;/lib64: library functions (/lib/modules: store kernel version number, driver)

/etc: Configuration file

/home: user home directory (root home directory: /root ; normal user home directory: /home/limuzi)

(Renaming possible, suggested for safety reasons)

/mnt: temporary file mount point

/media: Portable mobile device mount point

/misc: automatic mount point

/proc: Virtual file system that outputs process, kernel information

/sys: Virtual file system storing hardware device information (~]#echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan Triggers identification of hard disk after adding hard disk)

/opt: Third-party software

/tmp: temporary file

/usr：

/var：log www ftp mail

/dev: Hardware device directory

Block devices: random access, cached (physical devices) hard disk partitions

character device: sequential access, no cache (logical device) zero null random tty

/srv: Data used by system operation service

file type

- : General documentation

d: Catalog file

b: Block device file

c: Character device file

l: Symbolic link file

p: pipe file

s: socket file socket

File types represented by colors

Blue: catalog file

Green: executable program

×××: Block device file

Light blue: linked files

Red: compressed files

PS: Show only a list of directories under a directory: ~]#ls -d.*/ PATH */PATH (error if directory is empty)

Show only hidden files in a directory: l./ PATH （alias l.= 'ls -d .* --color=auto'）

View file status

stat

Three timestamps: access time: access time-time, read file content, touch xxx can refresh file access time

Modify time: modify time-mtime, change file content (data)

Change time: change time-ctime, metadata changes

ls: Lists the contents of the current or specified directory

ls -a: Show all files (including hidden files)

ls -l: Display details

ls -R: Recursive display

ls -S: Sort by size

ls -r: reverse sort

ls -t: Sort by mtime

ls -1: file split display

file wildcard

* : Matches zero or more characters

?：Match any single character

~: Current user home directory

[0-9]: Any single number

[a-c]：a A b B c

touch: Create file, change file timestamp

-a: refresh atime and ctime

-m: Refresh mtime and ctime

-c: If the file exists, refresh the timestamp; if it does not exist, do not create it

-t: Specifies the timestamp in the format

[root@localhost testdir]# touch -t 200808080808.30 f1

[root@localhost testdir]# ls

f1

[root@localhost testdir]# stat f1

File: 'f1'

Size: 0 Blocks:0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file

Device: 802h/2050d Inode:134333666 Links: 1

Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)

Access: 2008-08-08 08:08:30.000000000 +0800

Modify: 2008-08-08 08:08:30.000000000 +0800

Change: 2016-07-30 20:36:41.464871487 +0800

Birth: -

-d: Specify date

cp: Copy files and directories

PS :DEST object file, SRC source file

Default aliascp='cp -i' for root (alias profile: current user ~/.bashrc, all users/etc/bashrc)

common options

-i: Interactive

-r, -R: Recursively copy the directory and all its contents

-a: archive, equivalent to-dR --preserv=all, that is, retain all attributes of the original file

-p =mode,ownership,timestamp

-v: --verbose, showing the replication process

-f: --force, force overwrite if destination file exists

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