Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

Ignore files:

In the actual development process, there are always some files that do not need to be managed by Git, such as log files, temporary files, etc.

In this case, we can create a file called .gitignore in the working directory, listing the file names or expressions to ignore

Example: cat. Gitignore

*. [oa]

* ~

* .log

The first line tells Git to ignore all files that end in .o or .a

The second line tells Git to ignore all files that end with ~

The third line tells Git to ignore all files that end in .log

Get into the habit of setting up .gitignore files at the beginning to avoid mistakenly submitting such useless documents in the future.

Format specification of .gitignore:

All blank lines or lines that begin with # will be ignored by Git

You can use standard glob pattern matching

Matching patterns can start with (/) to prevent recursion

The matching pattern can specify a directory at the end of (/)

To ignore files or directories outside the specified pattern, you can precede the pattern with an exclamation point (!)

Glob mode refers to the wildcard used by the shell command line

*: match zero or more arbitrary characters

?: match any character

* *: it matches any intermediate directory. For example, it can match any intermediate directory. For example, it can match either'a _ Accord'or'a _ max _ b', etc.

[abc]: matches any character listed in square brackets

[0-9]: matches numbers from 0 to 9

[amurz]: matches the letters a to z

[Amurz]: matches the letters A to Z

.gitignore example:

# no .a files

* .a

# but do track lib.a, even though you're ignoring .a files above

! lib.a

# only ignore the TODO file in the current directory, not subdir/TODO

/ TODO

# ignore all files in the build/ directory

Build/

# ignore doc/notes.txt, but not doc/server/arch.txt

Doc/*.txt

# ignore all .pdf files in the doc/ directory

Doc/**/*.pdf

There is a very detailed list of .gitignore files on GitHub for dozens of projects and languages.

Address: https://github.com/github/gitignore

Git diff to view the content of specific changes

Echo "/ usr/bin/python" > test.py # modify the file

Git diff # compare the differences between the current file and the file in the snapshot

Diff-git a/test.py b/test.py # files that produce differences

Index df2203b..d5aba22 100644

-a/test.py

+ b/test.py

@-1 + 1 @ @

-coding:utf-8 # "-" indicates deleted lines

+ / usr/bin/python # "+" represents a new line

Git diff-- cached (or-- staged) to view the contents of the next submission that has been temporarily saved:

Git add test.py # add files to the staging area

Git diff # uses git diff to output nothing at this time, because the file has been placed in the temporary storage area

Git diff-- cached # View file differences in the staging area

Diff-git a/test.py b/test.py

Index df2203b..d5aba22 100644

-a/test.py

+ b/test.py

@-1 + 1 @ @

-coding:utf-8

+ / usr/bin/python

Git difftool # opens a text editor to show file differences (suitable for use when files are small, more intuitive)

Submit updates

Before submitting, please make sure that there are any modified or newly created files that have not been git add, otherwise these changes that have not been temporarily saved will not be recorded at the time of submission.

Before you prepare to submit each time, use git status to see if it has been temporarily saved, and then run git commit submit

Git commit will launch a default text editor to enter a description of this submission (use git config-- global core.editor='vim' to set the default editor)

The editor displays information similar to the following:

# Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting

# with'# 'will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.

# On branch master

# Changes to be committed:

# modified: test.py

# comments starting with comments will not be submitted to the git repository

If you want more details, you can use the-v option, which will put the diff output of your changes to the editor

When you exit the editor, Git will lose the comment line and use the information attached to your input submission to generate a submission

Git commit-m "version-6" # enter description information directly on the command line

[master 3687f51] version-6 # output information after submission (master branch name, 3687f51 checksum, version-6 comment information)

1 file changed, 1 insertion (+), 1 deletion (-)

At the time of submission, the snapshot is recorded in the temporary storage area, and anything that has not been temporarily saved remains modified.

Each time you run the commit operation, you take a snapshot of the project, and you can return to this state later, or make a comparison

Skip using temporary storage area

When using git commit-a, Git will automatically temporarily store all tracked files and submit them, thus skipping the git add step, but will not temporarily save untracked files.

Remove Fil

Git rm # removes from the list of tracked files, along with the specified files from the working directory

The name of a file or directory can be listed after the git rm command, or you can use glob mode

If you use the shell command rm to delete the file, you need to run git rm to record the removal of the file.

If the deletion has been previously modified and added to the temporary storage area, it must be forcibly deleted by-f, which is a security feature to prevent accidental deletion of data that has not been added to the snapshot, which cannot be restored by Git

If you want to delete the file from the Git repository, but still want to keep it in the current working directory. (you want to keep the file on disk, but you don't want Git to continue tracking)

Git rm-- cached # removes files or directories from the git repository

Example:

Git rm-cached test.py

Rm 'test.py'

Git status

On branch master

Changes to be committed:

(use "git reset HEAD..." To unstage)

Deleted: test.py

Untracked files:

(use "git add..." To include in what will be committed)

Test.py # from git

Ls

Test.py

Move files or rename

Git mv

Git mv is equivalent to a combination of the following three commands:

Mv README.md README

Git rm README.md

Git add README

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