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I would like to share with you what are the hardware parts of a complete microcomputer system. I believe most people do not know much about it, so share this article for your reference. I hope you will learn a lot after reading this article. Let's learn about it!

A complete microcomputer system is composed of hardware system and software system. Among them, the hardware system part is composed of CPU, memory, input device and output device; the software system part is composed of system software (operating system, programming language, database management system, networking and network management system software) and application software.

Hardware part

1. Central processing unit

The central processing unit is made on an integrated circuit chip, also known as a microprocessor. The computer uses the central processing unit to process data and uses memory to store data. CPU is the core of computer hardware, which mainly includes two parts: arithmetic unit and controller, which controls the work of the whole computer system. The performance of the computer mainly depends on the performance of the CPU.

An arithmetic unit is also called an arithmetic logic unit. During the operation, the controller takes the data from the memory, the arithmetic unit carries out arithmetic operation or logical operation, and sends the processed result back to the memory.

The main function of the controller is to make the whole computer run automatically. When executing the program, the controller takes the corresponding instruction data from the main memory, then sends the control signal required by the instruction to other functional components, completes the corresponding operation, and then takes the next instruction from the main memory to execute, so that the cycle until the program is completed.

2. Memory

Memory is a memory storage unit in a computer. The memory can not only accept and save data, but also provide data to other components. Memory is divided into two categories: memory and out-of-memory. In computer systems, it is customary to call memory and CPU as hosts.

(1) memory

Internal memory is divided into three types: random read / write memory, read-only memory and cache memory. Memory generally refers to RAM.

(2) external memory

The external memory mainly includes hard disk, CD, U disk and removable hard disk and so on.

3. Input equipment

Input devices mainly include keyboard, mouse and so on.

(1) Keyboard is the standard input device of computer. Through the keyboard, you can input various instructions, programs, data and so on to the computer.

(2) the mouse is the standard input device of the microcomputer, and the icon and menu in the graphical interface can be easily visualized by using the mouse. At present, the second generation optical mouse is mainly used on microcomputers, and the plug and pull USB interface is adopted.

4. Output equipment

The main output devices are monitors and printers.

(1) display

Display is a necessary "soft copy" output device for microcomputer, and the more common ones are cathode ray tube display and liquid crystal display.

(2) Printer

Printer is a commonly used "hard copy" output device of microcomputer. The image output on the monitor can only be viewed at that time. In order to keep the image for a long time, you need to use the printer output.

Software part

Hardware is the basis of the computer, and software is the soul of the computer. Only when the software is installed on the computer hardware system can it play its due role. Computers can do all kinds of work with different softwares. A computer equipped with software becomes a complete computer system.

A sequence of instructions written for a computer to meet a need becomes a program. The program together with the relevant documentation constitutes the software. The software of microcomputer system is divided into two categories, namely, system software and application software. The system software supports machine operation, and the application software meets the business requirements.

1. System software

System software refers to the basic software provided by computer manufacturers or "third parties" to manage the hardware of computer systems and support the operation of application software. the most commonly used are operating system, programming language, database management system, networking and communication software and so on.

(1) operating system

Operating system is the most basic and important system software of microcomputer. It is responsible for managing various hardware resources of the computer system (such as CPU, memory space, disk space, external devices, etc.), and is responsible for converting the user's management commands to the actual operation inside the machine. For example, WIndowsXP, Windows2000, etc.

(2) programming language

Computer language is divided into machine language, assembly language and high-level language. The operation efficiency of machine language is the highest of all languages; assembly language is "machine-oriented" language; high-level language can not directly control all kinds of computer operations, and the target programs produced by compilers are often large, and the programs are difficult to optimize, so the running speed is slow.

(3) Database management system

Database management system is a kind of system software for unified management of data installed on the operating system, which is mainly used to establish, use and maintain the database. The more famous database management systems on microcomputers are Access, Oracle, SQL server, Sybase and so on. Access is a small database management system, which is suitable for general business activities, while SQL Server is a large database management system, which is suitable for business applications of small and medium-sized enterprises.

(4) networking and network management system software

The information resources on the network are much richer than those on the stand-alone, so there is a special software for networking and network management system. For example, the famous network operating systems NetWare, UNIX, Linux, WindowsNT and so on.

2. Application software

Application software refers to the collection of programs designed by computers to solve certain problems in addition to system software, including information management software, auxiliary design software, real-time control software and so on.

(1) Office software

One of the most important work of microcomputer is daily office. The Office2003 office software developed by Microsoft includes WOrd word processing software, spreadsheet Excel, presentation PowerPoint and database management system Access. These components can be used together to meet the daily office needs.

(2) tool software

The commonly used tools and software are compression / decompression tools, antivirus tools, download tools, data backup and recovery tools, multimedia playback tools, network chat tools and so on. For example, Winrar, Winzip, Rising, Ghost, Thunder, QQ, etc.

(3) Information management software

Information management software is used to input, store, modify and retrieve information, such as salary management software, personnel management software, warehouse management software and so on. This kind of software generally needs the background support of the database management system, uses the visual high-level language to carry on the foreground development, forms the client / server or browser / server architecture, referred to as MIS.

(4) Auxiliary design software

The aided design software is used to efficiently draw and modify engineering drawings, carry out routine calculations in the design, and help users to find good design schemes, such as two-dimensional drawing design, three-dimensional geometric modeling design and so on. This kind of software generally needs the support of AutoCAD, programming language, database management system and so on.

(5) Real-time control software

The implementation control software is used to obtain the operation status information of production devices and aircraft at any time, and to implement automatic or semi-automatic control according to the predetermined scheme. This software needs the support of assembly language or C language.

The above is all the contents of the article "what are the hardware parts of a complete microcomputer system". Thank you for reading! I believe we all have a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help you, if you want to learn more knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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