Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

What is the relationship between 1.UNIX and Linux?

A: UNIX, born in Bell Lab in 1969, is a multi-user and multi-tasking operating system. It was first written in assembly language and then rewritten in C language. UNIX is highly dependent on hardware and is a non-open source commercial operating system.

Linux is a UNIX-like operating system written by Linus, a Finnish graduate student in 1991. Linux shows strong vitality as soon as it appears, and it can run on a variety of hardware platforms. Later, Linus released the source code, which was supported by many people, and gradually became GNU free software based on GPL protocol, which was free and open source developed rapidly.

What is 2.BSD? What does it have to do with what we usually call FreeBSD, NetBSD and BSD?

A: BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, Berkeley software suite) is a UNIX derivative system developed and released by the University of California, Berkeley in 1977. After that, it has gradually formed a branch of the UNIX-like operating system-BSD UNIX.

FreeBSD and NetBSD are two members of the BSD family. FreeBSD is a BSD version of Intel 80386 chip developed on the basis of 386BSD. It has the best reputation among the free BSD, runs best on x86 machines, has the best compatibility, and supports the most peripherals. Excellent stability, easy and convenient installation.

NetBSD is also a free, BSD-based, lightest operating system. It can run well on 46 different hardware flat key architectures, which is the best choice for embedded systems, and can also be run on workstations.

In what year did the 3.Unix license prohibit the use of Unix source code in universities, and then two important Unix release lines appeared. What are they?

A: starting with version V7 of UNIX in 1979, the UNIX license forbids universities from using UNIX source code, including learning in lectures. By 1980, there were two major UNIX version lines, one for Berkeley's BSD UNIX and the other for AT&T 's UNIX.

Which companies developed these Unix, such as 4.AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, IRIX? Which branch of the UNIX derivation are they based on (the two version lines in question 3)?

A: AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) is a UNIX-like operating system developed by IBM based on AT&T UNIX System V.

Solaris is a UNIX-like operating system developed by Sun based on Berkeley's BSD UNIX.

HP-UX is a UNIX operating system developed by Hewlett-Packard based on AT&T UNIX System V, similar to IBM's AIX.

IRIX is a UNIX-like operating system co-developed by Silicon Valley Graphics Company based on AT&T UNIX System V and BSD UNIX.

5. Please understand the concepts of GNU and GPL and describe them in the shortest possible words.

A: the full name of GNU is GNU's Not Unix (GNU is not UNIX). This recursive definition is the humor of open source software. GNU is a free software engineering project. Freedom does not mean free, you may have to pay a certain fee. Free or not, once you get the software, you have three specific freedoms in using it. The first is the freedom to copy the program and give it to your friends or colleagues, then the freedom to modify the program as you wish by getting the complete source code, and finally the freedom to release an improved version of the software and help create a free software community. (if you redistribute GNU software, you may or may not charge for the manual labor of distributing copies. But it must still be GNU software.

GPL (General Public License) is the GNU General Public license. In a nutshell, GPL includes the following: the original author of the software retains copyright; others can modify and sell the software, or develop new software based on it, provided that the source code is open to the public; and the modified software is still bound by GPL-unless it can be determined that the modified part is independent of the original work. If losses are caused in the use of the software, the initial personnel will not bear the relevant responsibility.

6. What are the changes in the ratio of GPLv2 to GPLV1?

A: GPLv1 is the original version, released in January 1989, and its purpose is to prevent those behaviors that hinder free software, and there are mainly two kinds of hindrance to open source software (one is that software publishers only release executable binaries without releasing source code, and the other is that software publishers add restrictions to software licenses). Therefore, GPLv1 stipulates that if executable binaries are released, the readable source code must be released at the same time, and no restrictive terms can be added when releasing any software based on GPL licenses.

The biggest change that GPLv2 has made on the basis of GPLv1 is the addition of the "Liberty or Death or Freedom" clause. This clause stipulates that if software originating from GPL is released only in binary form, then he will not have the right to release the software at all.

GPLv3 was released on June 29th, 2007. There are four most important modifications: solving software patent issues; compatibility with other licenses; definition of source code segmentation and composition; and solving digital rights management (DRM) issues.

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