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This article will explain in detail what is the use of the ip protocol in computers. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it for you as a reference. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Ip protocol is a protocol used for interconnection between networks. IP is the abbreviation of Internet Protocol (Internet interconnection protocol). IP is designed to improve the scalability of the network; IP only provides a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort packet transmission service for hosts.

IP is the abbreviation of Internet Protocol (Internet interconnection protocol) and the network layer protocol in TCP/IP system. The purpose of designing IP is to improve the scalability of the network: one is to solve the Internet problem and realize the interconnection of large-scale and heterogeneous networks; the other is to separate the coupling relationship between the top network application and the underlying network technology to facilitate the independent development of the two. According to the end-to-end design principle, IP only provides a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort packet transmission service for the host.

IP is located in the network layer of the TCP/IP model (equivalent to the network layer of the OSI model). It can carry the information of various protocols in the transport layer, such as TCP, UDP, etc., and the IP packets can be placed on the link layer and transmitted through various technologies such as Ethernet, token ring network and so on.

In order to adapt to heterogeneous networks, IP emphasizes adaptability, simplicity and maneuverability, and makes some sacrifices in reliability. IP does not guarantee the delivery time limit and reliability of packets, and the transmitted packets may have problems such as loss, duplication, delay or disorder.

Main content

IP mainly includes three aspects: IP addressing scheme, packet encapsulation format and packet forwarding rules.

Forwarding rules of IP packets

The router forwards only based on the network address. When an IP packet is forwarded through a router, if the destination network is directly connected to the local router, the packet is delivered directly to the target host, which is called direct delivery; otherwise, the router looks up routing information through the routing table and transfers the packet to the specified next-hop router, which is called indirect delivery. In indirect delivery, if there is a route to the destination network in the routing table, the packet is delivered to the next-hop router indicated in the routing table; if there is no route, but there is a default route in the routing table, the Datagram is sent to the specified default router; if neither, the packet is discarded and an error is reported.

IP fragmentation

The transfer of an IP packet from the source host to the destination host may require several different physical networks. Because the data frames of various networks have a maximum transmission unit (MTU) limitation, such as the MTU of Ethernet frames is 1500, when the router forwards the IP packet, if the size of the packet exceeds the maximum transmission unit of the egress link, the IP packet will be decomposed into many fragments small enough to be transmitted on the destination link. These IP fragments re-encapsulate an IP packet for independent transmission and will not be reassembled until it reaches the target host.

IP packet structure

An IP packet consists of a header and data. The first 20 bytes of the header are required for all IP packets, also known as fixed headers. After the fixed part of the header are some optional fields whose length is variable.

This is the end of this article on "what is the use of ip protocol in computers?". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, please share it for more people to see.

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