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Ubuntu software manages the Debian package, which is usually a precompiled binary format extension ".deb", similar to rpm files, so it installs quickly without compiling the software. Package files include files, metadata, and instructions necessary for specific functions or software,  dpkg:package manager for Debian, similar to rpm, dpkg is the package manager for Debian-based systems. You can install, delete and build software packages, but cannot automatically download and install software packages or their dependencies  APT:Advanced Packaging Tool, powerful software management tools, and even upgrade entire Ubuntu systems, based on the client / server architecture  APT working principle: copy all DEB packages on the server first, and then use APT's analysis tool genbasedir to analyze all DEB packages based on the Header information of each DEB package The analysis result is recorded in a DEB index list file in the document folder base. Once the DEB in the APT server changes, use genbasedir to generate a new DEB index list. When installing or upgrading, the client first queries the DEB index list to learn about all dependent software packages and download them to the client for installation. When the client needs to install, upgrade or delete a software package, after the client computer obtains the DEB index list zip file, it will extract it to / var/cache/apt/, and when the client uses the apt-get install or apt-get upgrade command, it will compare the data in this folder with the DEB database on the client computer to know which dpkg has been installed, not installed, or can be upgraded

Is a utility used by the Debian Linux system to install, create, and manage software packages.

Common usage

Dpkg-I package.deb    # installation package

Dpkg-r package      # removes the package and does not automatically uninstall the

Dpkg-P package      # delete package (including configuration files)

Dpkg-L package      # lists the files included in the package, similar to rpm-ql

Dpkg-l package   # shows the version of the package, similar to rpm-qi

Pkg-l   # lists currently installed packages, similar to rpm-qa

Dpkg-S keyword      # searches the contents of the package to which it belongs, similar to rpm-qf

Dpkg-s package      # lists the status of the package, including details, similar to rpm-qi

Dpkg-c package.deb     # lists the contents of the deb package, similar to rpm-qpl

Dpkg-configure package   # configuration package

Dpkg-- unpack package.deb # unlock the contents of the deb package

Dpkg example:

List all packages installed on the system

   # dpkg-l

List the files installed by the software package

   # dpkg-L bash

Check which package / bin/bash comes from

   # dpkg-S / bin/bash

Install the local .deb file

   # dpkg-I / mnt/cdrom/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11build1_amd64.deb

Uninstall the package

   # dpkg-r zip

Note: it is generally recommended not to use dpkg to uninstall packages. Because when you delete a package, other packages that depend on it will not be uninstalled and may no longer work properly

Apt/apt-get

The apt-get command is the APT package management tool in the Debian Linux distribution. All Debian-based distributions use this package management system. The deb package can package the files of an application, roughly like the installation files on Windows

Comparison of apt and apt-get commands

Apt commands    replaced commands functions of the    command

Apt install      apt-get install        installation package

Apt remove     apt-get remove   removal package

Apt purge      apt-get purge   removal package and configuration file

Apt update      apt-get update        refreshes the repository index

Apt upgrade     apt-get upgrade   upgrades all upgradeable packages

Apt autoremove    apt-get autoremove     automatically deletes unwanted packages

Apt full-upgrade    apt-get dist-upgrade    automatically handles dependencies when upgrading a software package

Apt search      apt-cache search      search Application

Apt show   apt-cache show      displays installation details

Commands specific to apt

Apt list   lists packages that contain conditions (installed, upgradeable, etc.)

Apt edit-sources    Edit Source list

Apt command actions, such as installing and removing software packages, are recorded in the / var/log/dpkg.log log file

Apt sample installation package:

   apt install tree zip  delete package:

   apt remove tree zip

   description: adding-- purge option to apt remove will delete the package configuration file. Use  to update the package index carefully:

   apt update  upgrade package: to upgrade your system, update the package index first, and then upgrade

   apt upgrade

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