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Borrow the explanation of Baidu encyclopedia

Software:

Software (Chinese mainland and Hong Kong language, called software in Taiwan, English: Software) is a collection of computer data and instructions organized in a specific order. Generally speaking, software is divided into system software, application software and middleware between the two. Software does not just include computer programs that can be run on computers (computers here refer to computers in a broad sense). Documents related to these computer programs are generally considered to be part of the software. To put it simply, software is a collection of programs and documents. It also generally refers to the management system, ideology, ideological and political awareness, laws and regulations in the social structure.

Features of the software:

1. Invisible, without physical form, can only understand functions, features, and quality through operating conditions.

2. Software takes a lot of mental work, and people's logical thinking, intelligent activities and technical level are the key to software products.

3. Software will not age and wear like hardware, but there will be defect maintenance and technical updates.

4. The development and operation of the software must depend on the specific computer system environment and on the hardware. In order to reduce the dependence, the portability of the software is put forward in the development.

5. The software is reusable, and it is easy to copy when the software is developed, thus forming multiple copies.

Classification of software:

(1) categories of applications

According to the scope of application, software is generally divided into system software, application software and middleware between the two.

systems software

System software provides the most basic functions for computer use, which can be divided into operating system and system software, in which the operating system is the most basic software.

The system software is responsible for managing all kinds of independent hardware in the computer system so that they can coordinate their work. System software enables computer users and other software to treat the computer as a whole without regard to how each underlying hardware works.

1. Operating system is not only a program that manages computer hardware and software resources, but also the core and cornerstone of computer system. The operating system is responsible for basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of supply and demand of system resources, controlling input and output devices, operating networks and managing file systems. The operating system also provides an operation interface that allows users to interact with the system.

2. Supporting software is the software that supports the development and maintenance of all kinds of software, also known as software development environment (SDE). It mainly includes environmental database, various interface software and tool groups. Famous software development environments include IBM's Web Sphere, Microsoft's and so on.

It includes a series of basic tools (such as compiler, database management, memory formatting, file system management, user authentication, driver management, network connection, etc.).

Application softwar

The system software is not aimed at a specific application field, while the application software is on the contrary, different application software provides different functions according to the users and the areas they serve.

Application software is software that is developed for a specific purpose. It can be a specific program, such as an image browser. It can also be a collection of programs that are functionally connected and can collaborate with each other, such as Microsoft's Office software. It can also be a huge software system composed of many independent programs, such as database management system.

Nowadays, smart phones have been greatly popularized, and the application software running on mobile phones is referred to as mobile phone software for short. The so-called mobile phone software is the software that can be installed on the mobile phone to improve the shortcomings and personalization of the original system. With the development of science and technology, the functions of mobile phones are becoming more and more powerful. It is not as simple and rigid as it used to be, and it has developed to be comparable to PDAs. Mobile phone software is the same as a computer, when downloading mobile phone software, you should also consider the system installed on this phone to decide which software to download. The mainstream mobile phone systems are as follows: Windows Phone, Symbian, iOS, Android.

(2) types of authorization

Different software generally has the corresponding software license, and the users of the software must agree to the license of the software before they can use the software legally. On the other hand, the license terms of specific software cannot be contrary to the law.

Depending on the mode of licensing, software can be roughly divided into several categories:

Proprietary software:

Such licenses usually do not allow users to copy, study, modify or distribute the software at will. Violation of such authorization usually carries serious legal liability. Traditional commercial software companies use such licenses, such as Microsoft's Windows and office software. The source code of proprietary software is usually closely protected by companies as private property.

Free software:

Such licenses, contrary to proprietary software, give users the right to copy, research, modify and distribute the software, and provide source code for free use by users, with only a few other restrictions. Linux, Firefox and OpenOffice can be used as representatives of this kind of software.

Shareware:

The trial version is usually available and used free of charge, but it is limited in function or during use. Developers will encourage users to pay for a fully functional commercial version. According to the authorization of the shareware author, users can get a copy of it free of charge from various channels, or they can distribute it freely.

Free software:

It can be obtained and reproduced free of charge, but the source code is not provided and cannot be modified.

Public software:

Software in which the original author has waived his rights, the copyright has expired, or the author has become inscrutable. There are no restrictions on its use.

Personal understanding

A programming language in which written code can be carried on hardware.

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